Performance on a 10-digit task distinguished aged impaired subjects from normals. When subjects were required to dial the series on a telephone apparatus rather than to report it verbally, differences were maximized. Under this condition, aged unimpaired subjects performed at a significantly lower level than young normals. (Author/BEF)

The paper deals with the effects of general experiences and specific educational practices on the structure and functioning of the central nervous system. (CL)

Examines the effect of various encoding activities on the memory of elementary and college students for pictures and words. (MP)

A series of possible explanations for learning disabilities (LDS) couched in terms of information processing capabilities was tested by comparing the performance of LDS children on several types of information processing tasks with that of a control group. Subjects were 28 LDS children (10-11 years old) and 24 elementary school students of the…

Investigates the effects of differences in age (20 year olds compared to 60 year olds) and education (high school level compared to graduate level) on level of performance on a variety of tasks related to memory. (Author/SS)

Examines interrelations among measures of memory in order to determine whether individual differences in 8- to 11-year-old children's performance on learning and memory tasks may be attributable to a general strategic factor. (CM)

The way in which knowledge of a given topic influences the acquisition of topic-related information was studied with the knowledge domain of baseball. A knowledge structure was postulated that included the goal structure as well as the states and actions of the game. (SW)

The way in which previously acquired knowledge affects the processing on new domain-related information was investigated. Text processing was studied in two groups differing in knowledge of the domain of baseball. A knowledge structure for the domain was constructed, and text propositions were classified. (SW)

Statistical analysis indicates that a note-taking group performed significantly better overall than a no-notes group on both an immediate and a delayed quiz although both groups showed a significant decline in performance in the latter quiz. (JMF)

From a review of empirical research, a new theoretical synthesis of anxiety's effect on learning and memory is proposed: anxiety always reduces processing effectiveness, by generating task-irrelevant processing activities, but this will not impair performance efficiency if sufficient compensatory effort is expended. (SJL)

The interdisciplinary approach of cognitive neuroscience in studying mind-brain relations is discussed. (SA)

Reports on experiments examining the semantic organization of concrete nouns and verbs and its development in childhood. Differences in semantic organization are said to be a clue to age-related changes in performance with verbs. (AM)

Discusses cognitive style (the degree to which perception is influenced by environmental variables) and cognitive control (which focuses on the regulation of perception by the ego). Concepts addressed include field dependence-independence, field articulation, conceptual style, cognitive tempo, intrusive information, focal attention, and…

Examines evidence supporting the view that speech recoding is necessary prior to lexical access, explores an alternative view (that speech recoding occurs in working memory), describes an experiment suggesting that meaning analyses during reading can occur without speech recoding in working memory, and discusses models of reading. (GT)