The authors review literature on conventional and special approaches to arithmetic instruction with emphasis on applying these approaches to the teaching of elementary learning disabled students with disorders in the area of arithmetic. Section I focuses on the instructional context of arithmetic. It is suggested that generalization teaching…

The focus of this document is on descriptions of calculators, microcomputers, and related educational technology and materials. Calculators are viewed as innovative teaching tools that can have both practical and pedagogical functions in the classroom to enhance understanding and achievement in mathematics. Microcomputers are seen as glorified…

The edumetric adequacy of curriculum-based reading measures were examined for two basal reading programs. On the basis of reading aloud performance, 91 elementary students were assigned seven instructional placement scores within each basal series. Students also were measured on standardized reading achievement tests. Generally, correlations…

For many years dyslexia has been incorrectly applied to those who have demonstrated difficulty in learning to read. Given the proper guidance and opportunities for becoming sensitive to demonstrations of the workings of language and engaging their minds in learning, many students will overcome their so-called learning disabilities. However, there…

A systems approach was used to assess, remediate, and/or develop compensatory strategies in learning disabled college students. The approach consisted of four components: an analysis of the educational task, preparation of criterion measures, preparation of behavioral objectives, and preparation of instructional sequences. A task analysis was…

The category of attention deficit disorder is defined in terms of diagnostic symptoms (inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity) and definitions. Aspects which need to be covered in the classroom evaluation of a child with suspected attention deficit disorder are reviewed, including examination of the task for its appropriateness; determination…

The study, part of a series on learning disabled (LD) adolescents, was designed to examine the differences between LD (N=234), low achieving (LA, N=222), and normal achieving (NA, N=215) students on various indices of social interactions and activities in secondary school settings. Study instruments contained questions relating to peer…

Three related studies were conducted to examine the effects of variations in procedures used for curriculum-based assessment of reading proficiency: the first addressed the question of the influence of sample duration on the concurrent validity of the measure; the second addressed the question of the influence of sample duration on the level,…

Information in this paper is presented to help college instructors identify and assist learning disabled (LD) students. The paper first explains what learning disabilities are, emphasizing that while LD students exhibit a discrepancy between apparent learning ability and actual academic achievement, they are not mentally retarded or emotionally…

Literature is reviewed regarding the impact of physical activity on development in mildly handicapped (educable mentally retarded and learning disabled) students. Studies showing improvement in self concept after participation in a motor development program are cited. Risk taking in the mildly retarded is examined, and the implications of a change…

The study investigated the frequency and intensity of stress among 135 teachers of educable mentally retarded (EMR), learning disabled (LD), and emotionally disturbed (ED) children and the relationship of stress levels to certain demographic variables including years of experience, grade level, educational background, category of student, age, and…

Based on an empirical study of over 3,000 learning disabled children and on a review of research, the paper outlines intellectual, attention and verbal mediation, social-affective, and oral and written characteristics of learning disabled students. Among the findings reported are the following: the median educational retardation is one grade below…

This directory in chart form identifies Ohio public library services and resources which can be used by people with vision, hearing, mobility, and learning impairments, and those isolated because of illness or age. Data were gathered from a survey of 226 public libraries in March 1980. Introductory information summarizes the responsibility of the…

The research literature on learned helplessness in exceptional children is reviewed and the authors' efforts to identify and retrain learning disabled (LD) children who have characteristics typical of learned helplessness are reported. Twenty-eight elementary aged LD children viewed as "learned helpless" were randomly assigned to one of four…

The study involving 105 learning disabled students (6 to 12 years old) investigated the effects of the sex and race of students to determine if these factors were salient to initial placement in elementary learning disabilities classrooms, to the amount or type of instruction received in reading, to the learning behaviors students exhibit in…