Early Americans were credited with holding the Protestant work ethic, a set of work-related beliefs involving the traits of industriousness, individualism, ascetism, community involvement, and an overall valuing of work as the most worthwhile way to spend one's time. The American work ethic today is not the same as it was in early America. In…

Although the oldest-old are the fastest growing segment in the rural population, little is known about their social and economic needs, their awareness of social programs, or their use of social services. This study was conducted to assess the social, economic, and health needs of the oldest-old (over the age of 85 years) as compared to those of…

The report presents data on the prevalence of various types of disabilities among the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States during the period 1983-1985. The report includes data on the numbers of disabled persons who reside in the community, their sociodemographic distribution, the severity of disability, and the chronic…

The interdependence of home and work lives is especially salient among women workers as a result of their greater family responsibilities. To examine the relationship between occupational status, marital status, and number of children among working women, a telephone survey of 1,232 Los Angeles adults (827 females, 405 males) was conducted. An…

Age and sex effects in multiple dimensions of self-concept were examined in responses by 3,562 preadolescent students (grades 2 to 6) to the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ). A factor analysis of responses clearly identified the seven facets of self-concept which the SDQ is designed to measure: physical ability, physical appearance, peer…

Despite the relevance of moral development to professional education, little research has been done to examine the application of moral development theory. To relate Analytic Interactive Style to post-formal operational thinking or "unitary operations thinking," to test the relationship between level of moral development and Analytic…

Despite the fact that most elders live their lives in the community, much of what is known about identity in old age is derived from studies of unique groups of elders. Turner proposed that identity is anchored in social order through the individual's adherence to either an institutional or an impulsive basis for action, and through the immediate…

The study examined the effectiveness of two psychoeducational treatment approaches and drug therapy on the impulsivity of 120 hyperactive emotionally disturbed children in two age groups (mean ages 13 and 8 years old). The psychoeducational approaches tested were modeling of reflective behavior and a specific instructional procedure to increase…

This study examines the development of emotion in 108 children from a small Northern California city aged 6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 years. The paper specifically examines: (1) children's beliefs about emotion management that contribute to their preinteraction expectancies; (2) the sorts of socializing messages children appear to be responding to; and…

Research has consistently shown parents' nurturance, acceptance, affection, support, and attention to be positively related to their children's self-esteem. Absent in these investigations of the relationship between parental nurturance and self-esteem, however, has been a consideration of whether the nurturance bases upon which these…

Although expectations about counseling and psychotherapy have much potential influence on the tendency of elderly persons to seek counseling and on their response to the counseling encounter, there is little research available to assist those providing psychological services to this population. Expectations about counseling among the elderly were…

This study was intended to examine: (1) the kinds of conflict preschool children between 2 and 5 years of age become involved in; (2) the methods children use in dealing with such conflicts; (3) the outcomes of the conflicts; and (4) differences in behavior according to age and gender of children. Recorded were random samples of conflict…

In a series of experiments, kindergarten children were to look out for traffic while standing at a curb and to tell the experimenter when they could cross the street. In trials without oncoming traffic clear differences were found between 4-year-old children and older kindergarten children. The 4-year-olds most often looked in one direction only.…

Thousands of workers have been dislocated from jobs in the textile and apparel industries as a result of recessions and structural changes in the economy. Because of the large concentrations of female workers in these industries, women have been particularly vulnerable to dislocation. This study examined job dislocation and factors that affect…

A study looks at young children's responses to tough movement structures, focusing on complements to "easy." The study examines the development of the two major types of rule usage: primitive and adult, and focuses on the inconsistent fluctuations between the primitive and adult levels. It is proposed that the source of complexity in…