Semantic differential statements were used to elicit attitudes toward aging from 176 high school students, college students, and older adults (nonstudents) who had viewed four sketches of a white male's appearance at ages 12, 19, 49, and 70 years. The results were the following: (1) High school students described aging as more personally…

Although anecdotal material suggests that parenting changes people, experimental tests in this area are lacking. Undergraduates (N=139) and their same-sex parents read one of eight summaries of parent-child interactions which varied in terms of success and in terms of the sex of the story character. Descriptions were reduced to three parent…

This paper examines and summarizes the findings of recent research literature on the effects of color versus black and white learning materials on academic achievement in order to determine if the effect of the color variable is significant enough to warrant the added expense of purchasing colored instructional materials for primary school…

The relation of visual process to Piaget's stages of cognitive development was examined. The study utilized four age groups to correspond roughly to acquisition and consolidation periods of concrete and formal operations: 6 years - acquisition of concrete operations; 9 years - consolidation of concrete operations; 11 years - acquisition of formal…

A field investigation of 32 groups of communally reared children utilizing 10 categories of group behavior reported group behavior forms and child socialization in groups of toddlers and preschoolers 18 months to 42 months of age. The groups were equally divided (16 each) among "total" and "day care" types and were age-homogeneous. Group forms…

This experiment examined two processes which might account for developmental increases in accuracy in visual recognition tasks: age-related increases in efficiency of scanning during inspection, and age-related increases in the ability to make decisions systematically during test. Critical details necessary for recognition were highlighted as…

This paper discusses the relation between feelings about body development and other aspects of self-image such as social relations, external mastery and impulse control. The Offer Self-Image Questionnaire was administered to about 400 sixth grade students in two middle class suburban school districts. Results indicate that, compared to boys of the…

This study investigated the effects of varying the content of adults' exhortations about altruism and the power of the preacher on children's subsequent donations. Subjects were 166 third and fourth grade children from two middle class suburban elementary schools. A 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 design was employed with the factors being sex, grade (third and…

Elementary school students were ranked by teachers on scales measuring personality characteristics and teacher expectations. Classroom observers also rated the students to assess the validity of teacher rankings and to determine whether teachers and observers use the same characteristics in forming perceptions of students. Teacher rankings and…

The social disengagement theory suggests that older people often do not wish to maintain the same level of immersion in social relations as they did in their earlier years. Following this theory, then, social gerontologists suggest that voluntary mutual withdrawal takes place between the elderly and the rest of society. The present paper uses data…

This study investigated (1) the order of acquisition of related temporal and spatial terms, (2) the application of temporal and spatial terms and (3) the relationship between the application of temporal and spatial terms and performance on cognitive measures of temporal and spatial ordering. Children 3 to 5 years of age were tested on four…

This study is part of a longitudinal research project which investigated the cognitive and social development of rural children (ages 3-5, 6-8, and 9-11 years) in eight states of the U.S.A. This paper, however, reports only the cognitive development of 3- to 5-year-old subjects in rural Nebraska from 1976-1978. The longitudinal sample plus control…

The Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale was used to investigate the effects of age and sex on the classroom behavior of 294 educationally handicapped adolescents. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the five age groups (12, 13, 14, 15, 16 years) were significantly different on one behavioral scale (heterosexual interest). Analysis…

A set of studies investigated the relative importance of operative schemes and figurative (rote) memory. In Study I, 60 concrete operational children from grades 1-4 were asked to reconstruct two types of stimuli from memory. In order to separate the effects of operative and figurative skill use, learning disabled children with poor figurative…

A GROUP MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT WAS CONSTRUCTED TO TEST THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING IN YOUNG CHILDREN. DESIGNED TO ELICIT CHOICES OF THE MOST SATISFACTORY OF 3 ALTERNATIVE CONCLUSIONS FOR EACH OF 26 INCOMPLETE STORIES PRESENTED IN CARTOON PANEL FORMAT, THE INSTRUMENT MEASURES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 4 PIAGETIAN CONCEPTS OF CONSERVATION,…