This study investigated the formal reasoning ability and the relationship between reasoning ability, sex, and age of 600 preservice primary teachers in Nigeria. Findings are summarized. (MT)

Four studies of sex differences in global and academic self-esteem were conducted in Norway in grades three, six, and eight. Self-esteem was measured by a 13-item context-free instrument. A significant sex by grade interaction was found in three of the studies for academic self-esteem and in two of the studies for global self-esteem. (Author/LMO)

Invesstigated relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic work values and career maturity for ninth- and eleventh-grade boys (N=402) and girls (N=483). Results revealed that sex differences in work values and career maturity were found to a greater extent than were grade differences. Implications for counselors are discussed. (Author/NB)

Investigated the influence of age, college values, and their interaction on perceived quality of college life. Perceived quality of college life increased linearly with age, unless college values were statistically partialled out. Valuing working conditions was inversely related to perceived quality of college life. The relationship between…

Questioned adolescents (N=210) regarding reasons they date, and importance of personality variables and prestige factors in selecting a dating partner. Suggests that with maturity and increased dating experience, adolescents become more realistic and independent in their perceptions of dating and dating partners. (Author/ABB)

Examined historical changes in Canadian women's nuptiality patterns (first marriage rate and age at first marriage) from 1921-1925 to 1981-1985. Found long-term patterns of nuptiality were functions of increasing individualism, increasing singulate sex (masculinity) ratios, and war and economic depression. Results support five social…

Forty students aged 9-18 were asked to explain the meanings of lexically ambiguous advertisements from magazines, newspapers, and brochures. Older subjects explained the meanings correctly more frequently than younger subjects. The psychological meanings of the ads were found to be more difficult to explain than the physical meanings. (Author/JDD)

Babbling samples from 11 normally hearing infants and 14 hearing-impaired (HI) subjects, aged 4-39 months, were analyzed. Differences were observed between consonantal phone inventories of hearing-impaired subjects and hearing infants, between inventories of HI subjects with sensori-neural loss and those with conductive loss, and between younger…

Surveyed drinking habits among 520 Israeli high school sophomores and seniors from seven schools. Revealed link between use of alcohol, hashish, and cigarettes and link between alcohol use of student, family, and friends. Found gender differences, grade level differences, and differences between religious and secular schools. Evaluated…

The multivariate study found that predictors of income variance among deaf former college students included sex, working with other hearing-impaired persons, age, receiving an advanced degree, number of memberships in professional organizations, graduation status, whether the job involves serving other hearing-impaired persons, marital status, and…

Gender differences in spatial ability in old age were examined and the effectiveness of cognitive training in reducing these differences was assessed. Age-related decline in the speed of problem solving, especially for men, was noted. Following training on mental rotation ability, there was no significant gender difference in spatial ability…

Examined maternal employment from perspective of child, using data from 1960, 1970, and 1980 Public Use Samples of United States Census. Results showed that most important factors determining probability of preschool child having employed mother were number of preschool siblings; child's age; mother's education level, age, and marital status; and…

Compares the behavior of mothers to their own infants at three- to four- and nine- to 10-months of age in five of the societies described in previous chapters: Gusii of Kenya, Yucatec Mayan of Mexico, Italian, Swedish, and suburban Bostonian. Reveals differences between agrarian and urban-industrial societies, as well as culture-specific patterns…

Examination of data from a national database reveals that children in group care--including day care centers--are ill more, as measured by the annual number of days they spend in bed, than children cared for at home--including family day care homes--especially at younger ages. (BJV)

Examination of three generations of Mexican Americans reveals that acculturation was not related to alcohol consumption in the older generation; in the middle generation it was related to lower consumption among men and women; in the younger generation it was related to drinking among women but not among men. (Author/BJV)