Responses to drug and alcohol related questionnaire administered to intermediate grade students showed that sixth graders were significantly more advanced than fourth or fifth graders in terms of conformity to peer pressure and positive attitudes toward drug and alcohol use. Results have implications for drug and alcohol education curriculum…

Interviews with 188 university women aged 18 to 53 revealed that they expect an effective female leader to exhibit higher levels of consideration and initiating structure than will male leaders. No sex differences were detected for expectations of role assumption and production emphasis behaviors. Age-related differences among the women's…

Comparison of Italian and English-speaking children's (N=200) segmentation abilities indicated that the discrepancies between the language groups reflected the children's phonologic and orthographic differences. (CB)

Children ranging from fifth to twelfth grade, and their parents, were presented with items pertaining to family transgressions and asked to judge the legitimacy of parental jurisdiction, justify its wrongness or permissibility, and assess its contingency on parental authority. (PCB)

The study examined attitudes of 60 mildly mentally retarded students toward their mentally handicapped and non-handicapped peers. Mentally retarded students did not express significantly different attitudes toward either peer group. However, elementary aged students held more negative attitudes toward both handicapped and non-handicapped peers…

The standardization sample of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was the basis for an analysis of the WAIS-R subscales in relation to demographic variables. Canonical correlation with orthogonal rotation of composite structural components was performed in order to determine interrelations between both sets of variables.…

The article presents normative data for the Spanish version of the "Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language" using data based on the speech of 60 Mexican children in three age groups from two to nine years. Half the children were low socioeconomic monolingual, and half were high socioeconomic bilingual. (Author/DB)

Concerns the development of children's understanding of representational change and its relation to other cognitive developments. Two experiments involve day care children, aged three, four, and five years. Results suggest that children begin to consider alternative representations of the same object at about age four. (Author/RWB)

Three groups of elementary school students, matched on reading ability and with similar cognitive profiles, were administered tasks assessing their inventory of reading skills. Results support a developmental lag model of reading problems of nondyslexic children. (Author/RWB)

Students from grades four through eleven (n=304) responded to a questionnaire regarding their viewpoints on grades. Three dimensions were examined: (1) attitudes about being graded; (2) comprehension of grading systems; and (3) causal perceptions and attributions about why students get good grades. Findings are discussed. (Author/MT)

The study compared earlier identified (grades 2-4) to later identified (grades 5-8) learning-disabled students' test scores (Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) upon identification and over time in special education. No significant between-group differences were found at identification. Over time (two…

Examines a general developmental hypothesis concerned with children's understanding of perceptual experience, memory, intentions, and emotions. It is hypothesized that young children view the mind as passive in relation to the external world and regard external events as determining subjective experience, whereas older children know many ways that…

Interpersonal problem-solving skills of 17 mildly retarded students and two groups of nonretarded subjects (Ns=30) matched on mental age (MA) and chronological age were assessed using hypothetical problem solving situations. Results indicated similarities between mentally retarded subjects and MA matched controls in types and number of strategies…

Two explanations for text summarization deficiencies among older learners were investigated. Results of the study confirmed deficiencies documented in the literature but with some specificity for source of the deficit and for age level. Specific instructional remedies are proposed. (Author/LMO)

Surveyed discipline referral forms and records of five residential schools for the deaf. Reading ability followed by hearing loss, age, and sex of the student predicted discipline problems. The "typical problem" student would be a younger male who was a poorer reader and had a less severe hearing loss. (Author/BL)