Analysis of data on injuries among 0-19 year-olds showed that injury rates varied considerably by age, sex, and level of severity. Overall, results demonstrated that both morbidity and mortality must be considered when determining prevention priorities and that prevention efforts must be expanded to target injuries of higher incidence among…

Administered the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test and either the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised to Black, Hispanic and White children (N=652). Analyses indicated that IQ was a significant factor for each age group and eliminated or decreased the significance of ethnicity.…

Three levels of metacommunication knowledge and five factors that influence the understanding of speaker meaning in oral language were identified in pilot interviews with children and adolescents. (HOD)

The relationship between cognitive style and academic performance was examined in a study of first- and third-grade students. The research focused on the differences in academic achievement of field-dependent-independent children and differences affected by sex and grade level. Results are presented. (DF)

Presents results of a study of 198 middle managers which was conducted to determine how age relates to competence as assessed by tests following instructional training, and identifies issues regarding test use in assessing employee competence. Results indicate there is a trend for older adults to obtain poorer test scores. (MBR)

Reports on a study that examined the development of audience-adapted writing skills between the end of elementary school and the beginning of college, concluding that all students demonstrated sensitivity to the needs of a young reader. (HOD)

Examined the causal relationship between sex-role attitudes, cognitive complexity, and career choice in 174 college women. Results showed a complex relationship which changes as a function of age and progress through college. Counselors must be aware of the interactions between cognitive and attitudinal factors. (JAC)

Examined the relationship of early memories to personality in studies of college students in Australia and New Zealand. Results suggested that personality, measured by the Eyseneck Personality Questionnaire, may affect both the type of earliest important experience and earliest memory reported. (JAC)

Results of five experiments in which adults and children were exposed to two study strategies for vocabulary learning: (1) repetition of words with meanings and (2) associative elaboration (the keyword method). Subjects were asked to choose one of the two study methods for learning a 24-item list of new vocabulary words. (SL)

Compares American and Chinese school-age (K-2) children's cooperative-competitive behavior using a puzzle completion task. No significant cultural differences between the two groups' cooperative and competitive behaviors were found. Variance analyses indicated that children in the higher grades performed more cooperatively than children in the…

Surveyed 45 dual-career couples to identify conflicts and solutions of professinals pursuing academic careers and bearing family responsibilities. Compared males and females, couples with children and those without, couples under 40 years of age and older couples, and this sample with one from business and industry. (Author/JAC)

Tests second- and sixth-grade students' incidental memory for words under acoustic- and semantic-processing conditions. The findings were predicted by an associative-processing account of incidental memory previously advanced by Ghatala (1981) and indicate that both knowledge-base development and processing activity determine children's incidental…

Examines genetic influences on language by assessing 158 preschool twins on vocabulary comprehension, semantic knowledge, morphology, syntax, and articulation. Vocabulary comprehension was significantly influenced by heredity, whereas performance skills were influenced by between-family environmental factors. (Author/AS)

Two-hundred seventy women, divided into three age groups and three income levels, were asked to evaluate the importance of five family-related developmental tasks, as defined by Robert Havighurst. Results affirm that younger women facing decisions about marriage, family, and home consider these tasks significantly less important than do older…

Examined the long-term effects of early parental divorce on sex role development in 219 college students. No significant differences were found between subjects from intact and divorced parents. However, children's age at the time of divorce, siblings, and post-divorce parental conflict were mediating factors. (JAC)