Studies the effects of perceptual salience on performance in problems requiring the coordination of information. Subjects were groups of children, younger adults, and older adults. For each of the age groups, those problems containing the most salient information were solved faster and more accurately than problems containing the least salient…

Two groups of Israeli boys and girls in Grades 4-8, one group of 182 intellectually gifted with a mean WISC IQ of 140, and one group of 310 nongifted, were compared on several indices of personal-social adjustment. (MS)

In two experiments, 5-, 7-, and 11-year-old children and college students were presented on each trial with a sentence followed by a probe word. The children's task was to indicate whether the probe was in the sentence or not. (MS)

Identifies four major areas of recent investigations: cross-cultural studies of political socialization, the focus on the interactive nature of the individual in the process of learning about politics, the need to examine the comparative impacts of the various agencies of political socialization, and methodological and conceptual refinements.…

Homosexual men (N=95) between 25 and 68 years of age were asked to classify themselves as young, middle-aged, or old. The popular suggestion of accelerated aging in homosexual men was not supported. (Author)

Examines the effect on earnings of variations among individuals in postschool human investment (namely, in work experience after the completion of schooling). Data from the Johns Hopkins Retrospective Life History Survey are analyzed to make possible a reformulation of Becker and Chiswick's econometric model to allow for additional variations…

The effect of age on foster care outcome was examined for 572 male psychiatric patients referred for foster care from five VA hospitals. Patients in foster care changed significantly compared with hospitalized controls by having less social dysfunction and better adjustment. (Author)

In order to study developmental and task-related factors in ability to coordinate two dimensions, a simple multiplicative relations matrix task was presented to 51 children in kindergarten and grades 1 and 2. (MS)

Participation in religious and non-religious voluntary associations and visitation with relatives, neighbors, and friends were examined by multiple regression among a sample of rural and urban origin male, Caucasian migrants to Riverside, California. (JC)

Over a period of eight years, a group of habitual exercisers maintained desirable body weight while nonexercisers and occasional exercisers showed girth expansion, decreased flexibility, and slower body reaction time. (PBS)

Extends the concepts of utilization deficiencies in a review of 30 years of memory-training research. Finds that over half of training conditions showed at least one type of utilization deficiency. Utilization deficiencies were more common for younger than for older children and were more likely when training involved multiple, rather than single,…

Examined convergences and divergences among dimensions of ability concepts (uncontrollable, constant, capacity) in second through fifth graders. Found that the near-zero correlations, three-factor solution yielded by confirmatory factor analysis, variability in age-related differences, differential links to cognitive competence, and diverse forms…

This study evaluated the Future Problem Solving Program (FPSP) with 205 gifted students and 32 teacher-coaches. The FPSP is designed to develop skills in group problem solving and awareness of future problems. The study found general support for FPSP, more positive perceptions by teacher-coaches than students, and more positive evaluations by…

Examined factors predicting the context of HIV-related sexual behaviors in African American women. Surveys investigated demographics; sexual history, behavior, attitudes, risk, and communication; drug use; contraception; and risk reduction efforts since Magic Johnson's HIV disclosure. Demographics, sexual communication, and past sexual experiences…

A cross-sectional study of 1,099 high school students using the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identify Status showed a developmental progression of vocational identity. Ideological, religious, life-style, and political identity domains were related to but lagged behind vocational identity development. (SK)