Drew on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-- Kindergarten cohort 1998-1999 to examine kindergarten teachers' perceptions of children's school readiness. Found a strong emphasis on social aspects of learning. Female teachers valued social aspects of learning more than did males. Younger teachers valued academic skills more than older…

Examined effects of a click signaling arrival of a visual stimulus to be timed on temporal discrimination in 3-, 5-, and 8-year-olds. Found that in all groups, the proportion of long responses increased with the stimulus duration, although the steepness of functions increased with age. Stimulus duration was judged longer with than without the…

Examined effects of early physical maturation and accelerated pubertal changes on symptoms of major depression among 639 African American adolescents. Found that for girls, early maturation was consistently associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms. For boys, early maturers showed elevated depression only at age 11, with symptoms…

Argues that New Hampshire high-stakes test administered at the end of the third grade is flawed and thus should be discontinued because the questions are not only too abstract, but beyond the knowledge and experience of most third graders. (Contains 23 references.) (PKP)

Thirty-six TESL trainees of three different age groups used classroom theory and practical experience to shape their own knowledge of English grammar. Participants completed a series of three grammatical explanation tasks over the course of two academic terms. Analysis of results revealed that the two groups of older trainees (23-34 years and…

Two studies assessed the gaze following of 12-, 14-, and 18-month-olds. Findings indicated that infants at all ages looked at the adult's target more when the adult turned to the target with open eyes than when the adult turned with closed eyes. Additional evidence suggested that infants were not simply responding to adult head turning, but were…

Examined the intelligence of freshmen and seniors at a metropolitan university to determine if differences exist with regard to multiple intelligence domains, specific skills, and intellectual styles, and between gender, ethnicity, and age group. Found some support for differences between freshmen and seniors in these areas. (EV)

Investigated children's and adolescents' involvement in mutual antipathies. Found that children and boys of all ages were more frequently involved in same-sex antipathies; involvement in mixed-sex antipathies was comparable for both genders. Same-sex antipathies were associated with antisocial behavior and social withdrawal for both age and gender…

This study investigated how child engagement in naturally occurring child care situations varied as a function of concurrent adult interactions and preexisting states. Interaction behaviors that were responsive without providing direction and those that were directive without responding to children were not associated with engagement. Individually…

Compared the moral judgment of violence, portrayed in story cards, by 20 physically abused and 20 non-maltreated 8- to 13-year-old boys. Findings showed no significant differences between the two groups. Main effects of the offender's motive and the action's consequences were found, but there were no effects for the kind of violence (physical or…

Many college and university faculty clubs have been scaled back or have been populated by increasingly greater proportions of alumni and other members. Some observers see loss of community and a common meeting ground for scholars. Many younger faculty see the clubs as relics and prefer to use their time for career development. (MSE)

Evaluated use of interviews with students to assess and promote self-appraisal of their academic learning. Year four, five, and six students provided self-evaluation of examples of their work. Found that the interview assesses metacognitive abilities related to strategic and motivated learning, and is a promising assessment tool for parent…

The influence of selected cognitive factors on age-related changes in speech recognition was examined by measuring the effects of recall task, speech rate, and availability of contextual cues on the recognition performance of 10 young listeners (ages 18-40) and 10 older listeners (ages 65-76). Hearing loss affected performance. (Author/CR)

Tabulated the frequencies of dyadic and group interactions in single-sex playgroups of 4- and 6-year-olds. Found that boys and girls at both ages engaged in similar frequencies but in different patterns of dyadic interactions. Only 6-year-old boys interacted in groups. (BC)

Examined children's, adolescents', and college students' judgments of children's and adults' rights to freedom of speech and religion in societal, school, and family contexts. Found that endorsements of these freedoms were increasingly affected by social context and agent with age. College students were less likely than others to affirm children's…