Created national estimates from 1984 Current Population Survey of number of school-age children in self-care at some time of day. Results suggest self-care most likely used by middle- to upper-income White mothers in suburban or rural areas, with no other adult in household, for older children, and for only for short time each day. (Author/NB)

Assessed college undergraduates' (n=399) views concerning conventional war and compared views with those gathered from early adolescents in a previous study. Overall, late adolescents' views were less positive and less extreme than those of younger adolescents. Attitudes toward war appeared to be related to sex, socioeconomic status, and political…

Sought global assessments of marital equitability from 62 older adults, and compared men's and women's global equity feelings concerning their relationships with spouses, aged parents, and adult children. Forty younger adults rated equity of their marriages and relationships with parents and grandparents. Majority of both generations' involvements…

Investigates the decision-reaching behavior of 120 children aged 7, 9, and 11 years in mixed-age groups. Children of nine years in groups with younger peers exhibited more organization statements, solicitations of preference, group choice suggestions, and reading, and less following, than did nine-year-olds grouped with older peers. (RJC)

A study examined the relationship between Australian high school students' perceptions of communication style and their preferred and actual educational (school and classroom) environments, and the effects of gender or grade level on that relationship. Results are discussed. (MSE)

Reports a study that investigates the accuracy of clapping, chanting, and stepping responses among K-three boys and girls in two schools. Concludes that chanting is the most accurate of the three responses and is more influenced by school music training than clapping or stepping. (LS)

Examines the connections between the experience of social history and personality development. Outlines a model that demonstrates how the impact of social events is mediated by life stage. Interprets longitudinal data collected over the past 40 years on women's work and family lives in terms of the model. (FMW)

Examined ethnicity, gender, and grade as potential mediating factors of early adolescent identity development. Administered Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status to 367 seventh- and eighth-graders. Results showed instrument appropriate for use with early adolescents. Females and older students were more developmentally sophisticated…

Investigated were the phonological process and distinctive feature performances of 24 Down Syndrome individuals without speech-language intervention and 21 with speech-language intervention. Comparisons were made across groups to relate performances to age groups, the possibility that subjects' speech is delayed or deviant, and methods of…

Examined effects of sugar on behavior of 45 preschool and elementary school children. Provided all children with basic breakfast that included drink containing either 50 g of sucrose, a comparably sweet placebo, or very little sucrose. Found some small behavior changes in high-sucrose group. All effects were small in magnitude and not considered…

Data from three studies identified the cognitive deficits associated with reading difficulties as distinct from attentional deficits. The studies found consistent cognitive deficits (especially naming and phonological awareness) associated with difficulty in reading. Deficits were consistent across samples, developmental levels, definitions, and…

Results derived from activities involving 33 children of three years and 32 children of four-and-a-half years indicated no age differences in same day recognition. Findings for recall and retention suggest that age differences for these two memory components are best thought of in terms of the type of memory solicited. (RH)

Old and young adults participated in two experiments involving a standardized, hierarchically organized event. In interviews that assessed memory of the event, older subjects reported fewer event actions than did the young. Memory of old and young was influenced similarly by the hierarchical structure of the event. (RH)

This study of 114 children between seven and nine years used a procedure for directly observing child-produced and experimenter-produced strategies to examine the transitional period of strategy development. Findings revealed gradual changes in children's ability to produce, and to benefit from, a strategy of selective attention. (RH)

The study of affect comprehension in 15 children with pervasive developmental disorders (ages 7-10) and normal children matched for mental age found that the disabled children were impaired on affect matching compared to the controls and were impaired on face and affect matching relative to their own performance on object matching. (Author/DB)