Compared infants who had evidenced similar levels of crying as neonates but differed at five months of age. For initially high-crying infants, mothers' personality and marital quality, and infant variables discriminated stable from changing infants. Mother sensitivity and infant responsiveness at five months were related to continuity of infants'…

Examined children's ability to describe, understand the causes of, and realize the value of three types of pain. Preschoolers, elementary school students, and college students were interviewed using open-ended questions. Although older children had more complex and precise understandings of pain, this pattern differed according to the type of pain…

Investigated the manner in which the temporal order and variability of events influence three and seven year olds' event representation. Children participated in three events: a logical-invariant, a logical-variable, and an arbitrary-invariant event. Both the structure of the event and children's representational capabilities influenced children's…

Examined qualitative developmental change in the use of category organization between ages 8 and 10 and the supportive functions of task environment and category knowledge in this development. Results support the hypothesis that most 10 year olds are capable of strategically activating category knowledge in appropriate task environments when items…

Over one year, mothers observed the responses of their one-year-old children to distresses the children caused and witnessed in others. Children's prosocial behaviors, and reparative behaviors after they had caused distress, increased in frequency over the year. These behaviors were accompanied by changes in self-recognition. (BC)

In one experiment, second and fourth graders used more categorical information when they made inferences than did preschoolers. In two other experiments, second graders, but not preschoolers, distinguished between categorical information and appearance when they made inferences about known concepts and familiar properties. (BC)

Australian secondary school students from three grades rated danger of using alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Results showed more refined discrimination among older students, with type of drug and frequency of use being important considerations. Familiarity was major consideration for younger students. Cognitive…

This review of studies of early onset schizophrenia examines the nosological similarity between adult and early onset schizophrenia, differential diagnosis, treatment, and the extent to which children and adolescents diagnosed as having schizophrenia using adult criteria have the characteristic adult correlates. The paper discusses gender…

Asked 9, 11, and 13 year olds and college students about risk factors for AIDS, colds, and cancer. Found that knowledge of risk factors became more accurate with age; knowledge of risk factors was largely independent of knowledge of nonrisk factors; and knowledge about 1 disease was largely independent of knowledge about another. (MDM)

Examined childhood residence patterns of national cohort of youths and analyzed effects of expanded measures of family structure on young adult outcomes. Results revealed major variability in residence patterns by race and ethnicity across living arrangements and from birth through age 18. White youths appeared to benefit significantly from…

Identified most significant family and nonfamily persons in lives of 180 preadolescents and 180 adolescents. "Mother" and "same sex friend" emerged as outstanding choices. Family members (except siblings) were associated with positive characteristics, whereas, among unrelated adults, youth group leaders were viewed positively.…

Surveyed 553 Jewish, Moslem, and Christian teachers concerning their perceptions of alcoholism. Found differences in perception of alcoholism among teachers of different religions, educational levels, gender, and drinking practices. Found no differences among teachers of different ages or among those working in different types of schools.…

A study at California State University, Fresno investigated the relationship between Perkins' Loan recipients' (n=429) credit records, loan default rates, and age. For eight different age groups, credit checks revealed student distribution in four credit categories. Results show credit checks could have saved the program a great deal of money.…

Experienced counselor describes how older client's work and life experience can be used to advantage in new job search. Notes that older clients already know what they do not want; they must identify their work content skills; they may find that traditional resources offer little help; and they do not want to start at the bottom. (NB)

Conducted national survey of public opinion on age-based rationing of health care resources. Oversampled older adults to allow more precise comparisons of attitude by age cohort as well as by other demographic variables. Found majority of people accepted withholding of life-prolonging medical care to hopelessly ill patients, but few would…