Many important social judgments involve deciding whether a person is likely to be successful in a particular situation. The literature on stereotypes suggests that there is a differential application of conceptualizations of ability in describing age and sex groups. This study investigated the hypothesis that age and sex stereotypes are associated…

Attainment of gender constancy is commonly asserted if gender is judged invariant despite superficial opposite-sex transformations, such as in hairstyle, clothing, or behavior. This notion suggests that the distinction between appearance and reality is crucial for gender constancy understanding. Four tasks requiring differentiation between…

A study compared the way in which subjects belonging to four different age groups produced written recall and summary responses after being presented with a narrative story. A seventh-grade-level, 500-word story that contained 78 idea units was presented to two groups of adolescents (mean ages, 14.14 years and 17.55 years) and two groups of adults…

Cultural factors may affect the elderly's use of and beliefs about counseling and psychotherapy. Elderly persons tend to make fewer telephone calls than do younger persons, perhaps believing the telephone should be used only with close friends. This may prevent the elderly from using telephone counseling services. Suicide has occurred in the…

The study examined whether significant differences existed in the expressed attitudes of elementary, middle, and secondary level regular education teachers and support staff (N=92) toward mainstreaming and what variables impacted these attitudes. The "Mainstreaming Questionnaire" was used and inferential statistics applied to analyze differences…

This report presents findings based on interviews with three nationally representative samples of currently married women between the ages of 15 and 44 years, as documented in 1965 National Fertility Study and the 1973 and 1976 National Surveys of Family Growth. Statistics from these surveys are presented on the contraceptive practice of…

Noting that early children's literature plays a major role in the development of children's attitudes, this annotated bibliography lists early children's literature which contains positive portrayals of older adults. The books selected portray aging as a natural and lifelong process of growing and developing; present similarities between young and…

In 1979-80, a national study used a combination of the Older Americans Resources and Services Functional Assessment Questionnaire and the Subjective Distress Scale of Psychiatric Status Schedule to assess the service needs of the Hispanic elderly. Thirty variables were selected from this data and categorized using Anderson and Newman's (1973)…

An investigation of the circumstances that lead to older adults enrolling in traditional college or university degree programs involved a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a larger study conducted in Fall 1981. The analysis was limited to degree-seeking students at least 35 years of age. Nearly three-fourths of the survey respondents…

Cognitive aging research needs to clarify whether or not there are functional or ability declines with aging and, if so, to understand and mediate these declines. Recent research which has demonstrated declines in cognitive functioning with age has involved episodic memory and rehearsal-independent forms of such memory. It is not known how much of…

The goals and strategies formulated by 30 learning disabled (LD) and 30 non-learning disabled (NLD) males at two age levels (8 to 9 and 11 to 12 years) were analyzed. Subjects were interviewed regarding their strategies and goals in four situations involving peer interactions. They were also videotaped during a role play assessment of social…

A questionnaire was administered to 70 children in two age groups who averaged either 5 years, 8 months, or 10 years, 7 months of age, for the purpose of documenting their understanding of legal process and courtroom procedure. Questions probed factual knowledge and social cognition and perception. Subjects were also asked about four moral…

Literacy data were collected on a 5 percent sample of the Republic of South Africa's 1980 population census. Approximately 5 million persons aged 20 or older were found to be illiterate. The racial breakdown of the literacy rate among the different population groups was as follows: Asians, 79.84 percent; whites, 97.18 percent; racially mixed…

No published research has investigated the impact of joint custody on the adjustment of children of divorce who become stepchildren. This research examined the differential effects of joint versus maternal custody, structural complexity (presence or absence of stepfather's children from a prior marriage), and sex and age of adolescent on…

A follow-up study was made of cross-sectional research on the development of dichhaptic lateralization. One hundred and eighty students in grades 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 from two school districts were tested. Participants were 9 boys and 9 girls from each grade level for each district. Subjects were at least 90 percent right-handed, as determined by…