Emphasizes the importance of using children's language patterns to guarantee maximum comprehension for beginning readers and lists other implications of the research. Tables and bibliography. (RW)

Proposes children develop an understanding about death in an orderly sequence progressing from total unawareness in early childhood to the point of logical consideration in terms of cause and effect. Discusses implications for parents, teachers, and counselors for helping children deal with death. (RC)

Compared contextual facilitation of word recognition in old (N=12) and young (N=12) subjects. Both groups responded faster when context was supplied. For low predictability words and nonwords, the old showed greater contextual facilitation. Concluded that old people compensate for deterioration in stimulus quality by effective use of contextual…

Investigated the influence of sex, age, and grade level on the perceptions of 397 Black junior high school students of counselor role and effectiveness. Results showed 16-year-olds perceived the counselor's role as most positive, while ninth-grade students responded most negatively to counselor effectiveness. (JAC)

Young children's understanding of correspondences and numerical differences between disjoint sets was studied in three experiments. Findings appeared to restrict the theory that young children are limited to perceptually based forms of mathematical reasoning. (Author/MP)

Evaluates the growth of social-cognitive knowledge in deaf and hearing children during the early- and middle-school years and assesses the relative importance of language in two domains of social cognition. In addition, separately examines the child's ability to evaluate the concepts of good and bad and to take another person's perspective. (RH)

A group of 125 elementary and high-school students were interviewed to assess their levels of moral judgment regarding prosocial behavior and the discriminations they make when thinking about helping various individuals (e.g., family and friends, disliked others, someone from a different country). (Author/MP)

Children's use of contextual discrepancy and stressed intonation to interpret literal form and illocutionary function in the use of ironic utterances was examined in two experiments, each using first- and third-grade children and college-age adults. Results suggest a complex relationship between literal form and illocutionary function in…

In this study of elementary school children's responses to two children's books, a participant-observer presented reading material to the children and studied their reactions. Spontaneous responses and variations in solicited verbal responses at different age levels and the implications of nonresponse are considered. (PP)

Researchers analyzed the responses of second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students who read three fables, and traced the relationship between grade level and stage of moral development. The children reflected different stages of moral development. The use of fables to elicit responses to moral questions is discussed. (PP)

Several experiments with 8- to 9-year-old children are reported to demonstrate that "decalage" observed between success in problems of conservation of weight, volume, and density is due to the different task situation as presented by Piaget and Inhelder. (Author)

Kindergarteners asked to predict which of 18 unrelated pictures they would be able to recall were shown to be as discriminating as older children at predicting memorability in a signal-detection analysis. Justifications for why items were memorable showed increased reference to item and task characteristics with increased age. (Author/CM)

The underlying structure of the motor abilities represented by the "Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency," along with the consistency of the emerging factors by sex and two chronological age (CA) levels, were studied with 765 nondisabled children 4.6 to 14.6 years old. (Author/SEW)

Investigating the effect of age and temporal placement of a modelled skill on performance of a balance task of 60 boys (seven and nine years old) indicated significant effects of age, temporal appearance of the model, and an interaction of model by age for time on-balance. (Author/PN)