Testing, both in childhood and as adults, of 28 former pupils of special schools for the educable mentally retarded indicated that pupils who experienced most serious problems in childhood were less retarded as adults than persons who had experienced few or no problems. Results support hypothesis that the effects of early lack of environmental…

Professional men and women (N=20) half above and below the age of 30, were signaled at random by an electronic paging device. Analyzed self-reports on seven cognitive and affective measures. Environment demonstrated a highly significant impact on respondents' reports and significant contrasts in cognitive and affective states appeared. (Author/RC)

Investigated the death concerns of high school students, persons in the work force, and a retired group. Combined responses indicate concern over losing persons cared for, making loved ones unhappy, taking a long time to die, and being helpless and dependent are central themes to all groups. Discussed differences. (Author/JAC)

Explored deductive inference processes in concept learning in four age groups. Results confirm findings of age differences in concept problem solving, with likelihood of solving the problem lower in older adults. However, solvers of all ages made the same correct inferences. (Author/JAC)

Discusses five components of a basic suicide syndrome. Examines gender differences in suicidal behavior through an analysis of male and female roles. Components include failure, commitment, rigidity, shame, and isolation. Considers the concept of autonomy in relation to sex differences in suicidal behavior. (RC)

Investigated possible gender differences in bases of marital satisfaction. Data indicated that marital quality of men and women differ in degree rather than in kind. Suggests men may be more satisfied with their marriages than women but the same factors are important in their assessments. (Author/RC)

Performed a factor analysis on the results of the Wechsler Memory Scale for 99 older males to determine how normally aging older adults perform. Results seem to indicate that the manner of functioning in later life becomes deficient in quality rather than in quantitative performance. (Author)

The age-earnings profile of male workers is significantly influenced by the age composition of the workforce. The dependence of the age-earnings profile on demographically induced movements along a relative demand schedule suggests that standard human capital models of the profile are incomplete. (MF)

Investigated developmental consequences of adolescent childbearing in 60 low-income, pregnant adolescents and a low-income control group of pregnant adult women. Racial and age influences were investigated. Adolescents did not differ from controls on emotionality; a significant age by race interaction was found for depression. (Author/DB)

Examined judgments of intolerance given by children, adolescents, and adults toward disagreeing others. The evidence suggested that intolerance may be a lower level of reasoning in a social cognitive developmental progression. (Author/DB)

Examined whether toddler peers use hitting as a means of communication. Results demonstrated that hitting systematically resulted in different social outcomes for two-year-olds but not for one- or three-year-olds. The authors speculate that how gestures are used in nonverbal communication may change as verbal communication comes to dominate peer…

The effect of the variables of student sex, grade level, and student achievement on teacher sex role expectations was assessed. Of the four variables, student achievement was a highly significant predictor. A negative relationship was found between the feminine sex role and high achievement. (Author/GK)

Two experiments provided tests of predictions about children's use of semantic contextual information in reading, under conditions of minimal experience with graphic processes. Subjects, aged 6 1/2, 8, and 11, orally read passages of continuous text with normal and with low semantic constraints under various graphic conditions, including cursive…

Male and female undergraduates evaluated an essay attributed to one of the following authors: a 25-year-old male, a 25-year-old female, a 64-year-old male, or a 64-year-old female. Results suggest that young females and old males may be the targets of subtle prejudice which causes their work to be assessed unobjectively. (Author)

Six hundred adolescents and 25 teachers responded to incidents containing a moral issue. Overall there was moral development with age, as suggested by Piaget, but many (by Piaget's definitions) immature responses were recorded on some incidents, even by adults. The context in which issues were presented was an important influence. (Author/SJL)