Compared the collaborative patterns of seven- and five-year-old expert planners working with five-year-old novice planners on tasks requiring reverse sequencing strategies. Results suggest that cognitive gains are achieved when children collaborate with peers more expert than themselves in problem-solving activities. (MM)

Examines the importance of place of birth on the internal migration and spatial redistribution patterns of the foreign-born population in the United States for 1965-70 and 1975-80, relying mainly on the Public Use Microdata sample. Age patterns of migration are also analyzed for different groups. (SLD)

Parents, social service workers, and medical personnel did not generally differ in their judgments of supervision required for children of 11 ages in 5 supervision domains. For most domains, constant supervision of preschool children was recommended. For elementary school children, nearly constant supervision in typical situations, close…

Children and adolescents (n=40) with congenital or adventitious blindness were exposed to two unfamiliar environments. Evaluation of subjects' spatial representations (through construction of models and estimates of distance) found that age appeared to be more important than learning in their development of spatial representation skills. (DB)

Review of the medical charts of 369 adults with mental retardation found increased use of psychoactive medications with subjects 55-years old and older compared to those 20-39 years of age. The increased psychoactive use by elderly adults was associated with independent living and with psychiatric diagnosis. Neuroleptic use was increased for…

In two experiments, five year olds produced more instances in slot-filler categories than taxonomic categories, and eight year olds produced more instances in taxonomic categories than slot-filler categories; for five year olds, slot-filler categories led to superior recall and shorter response latencies than did taxonomic categories. (BB)

School population of 252 adolescents, aged 13 to 15 years, responded to Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Children's Depression Inventory, and List of Social Situation Problems. Scales intercorrelated significantly but appeared to measure different aspects of self-perception. No significant age or gender differences emerged. Findings…

Platelet serotonin (5HT) levels of 5 autistic subjects (ages 16-37) who had siblings with either autism or pervasive developmental disorder were significantly higher than levels of 23 autistic subjects without affected siblings. Autistic subjects without affected siblings had 5HT levels significantly higher than 10 normal controls. Sex, age, and…

Discussion of limiting response time for students' answers focuses on a study of Israeli elementary students that investigated the effects on their performance of increasing the response time in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for arithmetic drill and practice. Effects on high- versus low-aptitude students, and younger versus older, are…

Examined work and family ties over 10-year period (1970-79) for women aged 35 to 59 using life-course perspective and data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Marital status (and marital transitions) and presence of children were related to labor force patterns over 10-year period, but with different effects for women aged 35-44 than for those…

Examined the beliefs of children 7 to 12 years of age about the effectiveness of effort, attributes, powerful others, luck, and unknown factors in producing outcomes in school performance and friendship. (RH)

Uses a sample of 33 second graders and 34 fourth graders to examine the tendency of children to perceive illusory correlations leading to greater recall of events that confirm sex stereotypes. Finds that both age groups perceived illusory correlations, giving the highest frequency estimates to traditional stimuli. (FMW)

Reviews the second-language research on age-related differences, drawing conclusions regarding learning-age influence on initial acquisition rate and ultimate attainment level; sensitive periods of language development; cumulative age-related loss in ability; and the adequacy of affective, input, and current cognitive explanations for reduced…

Fourteen young adults performed better than 14 adults ages 60-69 on speechreading and wrote more words in response to a speechreading task. No correlations were found between speechreading performance and eyeblinks in either group. There was a significant correlation between number of written words and percent-correct speechreading scores in the…

Examination of the records of 240 inpatients with mental retardation and 7 with autism discharged from a university hospital indicated that elderly adults had more medical problems than did adults, more elderly adults were transferred to a state hospital, and the most common diagnosis in both adults and elderly adults was chronic schizophrenia,…