Examined career aspirations of gifted high school juniors (n=194). Administered Occupations List to obtain information about career alternatives considered at various ages. Career alternatives considered in early life period were compared with those considered later in terms of prestige and gender traditionality. Results suggest that gifted…

Examined associations between the activity level and adaptability of same-sex siblings and qualitative aspects of their relationship. Found high levels of conflict when both siblings were high in activity and the older sibling was rated more active than the younger. Conflict was lowest when siblings were low in activity. Warmth was greatest when…

Sixty young children estimated their performance in beanbag throwing. In the three prediction conditions, subjects articulated the differences between their performance and their predictions, only observed the difference, or were unable to observe their performance. Results indicated subjects were aware of differences between performance and…

Replicated earlier studies on bullying using younger students. Findings from 178 fourth through eighth graders revealed that nearly 90% reported victimization by bullies. Bullying was seen as largely verbal phenomenon, with teasing as most common behavior reported. Although specific rates of bullying and reported trauma were higher among middle…

Studied parent-child agreement on parenting behaviors and mediators of agreement for 134 families. Results revealed low degree of agreement between parents and children in reports of parenting behaviors. Differential levels of agreement between father-child and mother-child reports suggests that reports might be related to children's transition…

Earnings data show that Indonesian males have significantly lower returns to education than females, especially at diploma and secondary vocational levels. Indonesian women have acquired secondary and postsecondary education in greater numbers. Greater returns to schooling also appear for older cohorts. (SK)

Examined role of close relationships during adolescence and their contribution to individual coping. Data from series of studies on early adolescents showed that availability of family and peers combined with support of adolescent's independence contributed to individual adaptive coping. Contribution of close relationships to coping differed for…

Concepts of authority with regard to type of authority directive and social context were studied for 30 male and 30 female elementary school students in 3 age groups from kindergarten through grade 6. Children conceptualize authority with respect to social position and within the bounds of specific social contexts. (SLD)

A survey of 78 adults and adolescents of Cree ancestry in Fisher River, Manitoba, examined language proficiency, language use, and attitudes about language use in various public and private contexts. Generational differences on several measures suggest that adults were more favorable than teenagers toward Cree language maintenance and vitality.…

Investigated the effects of gender, age, and ethnicity on the institutional, situational, and dispositional challenges faced by traditional age and older students in higher education. Surveys of 209 students indicated that most coped well with challenges. Older students reported fewer barriers than younger students. There were few gender or ethnic…

A study involving 145 undergraduates investigated the effects of victim age, victim gender, and observer gender on the attribution of responsibility for extrafamilial child sexual abuse. Greater responsibility was assigned to older rather than younger victims, and male observers attributed greater responsibility and causality to the victim and the…

Used a variance-partitioning procedure to identify age-related and age-invariant components of verbal and spatial memory span in 6- to 12-year olds. Concluded that verbal and spatial short-term memory appear to rely on similar processes when serial recall is required and that development in span is closely tied to increases in processing speed.…

The attitudes of young and elderly adults toward their own bodies were investigated; subjects (N=274) rated 35 aspects of their bodies. Elderly subjects expressed less positive attitudes toward bodily functioning and attractiveness. Some sex differences and areas in which age differences are reversed are discussed. (Author/EMK)

Examined the etiology of individual differences in literacy, phonological awareness, and language ability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Found that there was no genetic link between phonological awareness and literacy independent of general language ability. Individual differences in literacy ability were substantially influenced by genetics…

A study involving 42 mothers of Greek children with deafness found mothers of younger children, of boys, and those reporting greater stress, had longer and more frequent involvement with their children. Mothers with greater stress were more likely to rate the affective tone of their involvement as more chorelike. (Author/CR)