A total of 36 normally developing children of 13-30 months of age were evenly divided into three age groups and observed while playing with their mothers. Their communicative behaviors were recorded according to intent and level. Intent was classified as comment, request, and reject; levels were nonverbal, verbal-contextual, and…

This study examined the kinds of people students admire and the criteria for their admiration. Large numbers of fourth and fifth graders and college students wrote brief essays in which they named individuals they admired and gave their reasons for naming the individuals. The following year, children in grades 2-6 in several schools wrote about…

This booklet provides mental health professionals with an analytic framework for understanding psychosocial reactions to bereavement of adults and children and for selecting appropriate intervention strategies. It also identifies those people most likely to need the intervention of a mental health professional to help prevent or mitigate…

This study investigated whether academic achievement (as reflected on report cards) would have an effect upon children's self-esteem. Subjects were 46 third- and 40 sixth-grade students. Thirty of the third-graders and 28 of the sixth-graders completed Harter's Self-Perception Profile 2 weeks before report cards were distributed and again the week…

This paper provides curriculum makers with an overview of developmental theory and relates the theory to instructional strategies. The section on socioemotional development addresses Erikson's eight ages of man, Kohlberg's stages of moral development, motivation and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Taylor's stage model of creative development, and…

Age, specific emotion, and linguistic modality (verbal vs. non-verbal) were predicted to affect knowledge of emotion in young preschoolers (N = 45, mean age = 40.7 mos). Prosocial response to emotion and knowledge of emotion were also predicted to be related, given naturalistic observation and the use of contextually valid emotion knowledge…

Psychometric properties of sociometric nominations used with preschool children were examined, in order to assess their potential usefulness for concurrent and predictive assessment of the social skills and affective components of social competence. In particular, temporal stability, concurrent validity, and boundary conditions (age and gender…

A study investigated the attitudes of primary school children in Friesland, the Netherlands' only bilingual province, toward Frisian, the minority language. Subjects were 142 pupils, 46 Dutch-speaking and 96 Frisian-speaking, from four primary schools in small villages. Sixty-nine of the children were in grade 5 and 73 were in grade 8, with an age…

Work values, or the qualities and rewards that one desires from work, are considered to be important determinants of career decision making and exploration during adolescence. A study was conducted to investigate age-based continuities and discontinuities in the structure of work values in a cross-sectional sample of 679 students in grades 7-12.…

The relationship between hyperactivity and neuropsychological test performance at different age levels was investigated with 90 children 6-8 years old and 92 children 9-12 years old. Subjects were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, and a parent completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Young children demonstrated no…

To determine when and how children begin to differentiate among messages with different goals and to examine whether such differentiation leads to differences in interpretational strategies, 90 children between the ages of 4 and 11 viewed each of five different television messages representing four different message types. The types were: (1)…

This study sought to reexamine children's attributions of successful performance on current cohort-defined masculine, feminine, and sex-neutral tasks. Dimensions of attributional choices were used with children of preschool/kindergarten and third/fourth grade levels. The results from this investigation were only partially consistent with previous…

A recent review of published and unpublished data suggests that the elderly are underrepresented in most self-help groups. Some national groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous do serve the aged but many others such as widow groups do not. A recent national survey of over 3,000 households conducted by Mellinger and Balter examined the use of…

Basic research and programs in substance abuse dealing directly with rural and small town populations lag far behind those aimed at urban groups, in both quality and quantity. A study was conducted to identify factors related to substance use by a preadolescent and early adolescent rural and small town population. Data were collected from 496…

On the basis of two sets of videotaped observations collected on same-sex, same-age and mixed-age dyads composed of children 18 and/or 24 months old, issues concerning research on infants and toddlers are addressed. The first set of observations was a simple description of the structure and content of children's peer interaction during 15 minutes…