The curriculum revolution in nursing education is a direct result of outdated modes of teaching and learning that fail to prepare students for nursing in a diverse society. Little dialog is occurring on the topic of the inclusion of multiculturalism into the curriculum. (Author)

Structural equation modeling was used to test a conceptual model and alternative models of competence in 191 children. Found that competence had at least three distinct dimensions in childhood and five in adolescence. These dimensions reflect developmental tasks related to academic achievement, social competence, and conduct important to both age…

Examined differences in fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade students' willingness to portray themselves as diligent to their popular peers and to their teachers. Found that younger students desired to portray themselves as such to both peers and teachers, whereas eighth graders were more reluctant to convey to their popular peers than to teachers…

Presents a portrait of adult literacy in Illinois based on the results of the State Adult Literacy Survey conducted in 1992 as part of the National Adult Literacy Survey. Highlights include age differences; foreign-born individuals; effects of education and training; employment, economic status, and civic responsibility; and language use.…

Three experiments found that after enacting everyday actions using toys or toy substitutes (a block or stick), preschoolers were more likely than kindergartners or second graders to claim they had played with a toy when a substitute had been used. However, preschoolers rarely claimed they had played with a substitute when a real toy was involved.…

A discussion of violence in schools offers an alternative to the common interpretation that violence is due to individual pathological behavior. It is proposed that several factors may be involved, including male gender identity and privilege associated with adult status. Some curriculum implications are considered. Discussion is framed in the…

Etiology of high and low cognitive ability in adulthood was explored through multiple regression analysis of data from 302 pairs of Swedish twins (median age=65.6 years). Both high and low cognitive ability groups demonstrate significant group heritability, with shared rearing environment of relatively low importance. (SLD)

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) profiles of 91 adult female Caucasians were examined to see if significant differences existed between those who reported abuse in childhood or adolescence and those who did not. Significant differences were obtained on several PAI scales and subscales. (SLD)

Examined the frequency and type of pragmatic devices used in oral New Zealand English, based on analysis of the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English. It found "you know" and "eh" were both found more frequently in working-class than middle-class speech. Other age, gender, and class distinctions are discussed. (45…

Comparison of the study skills of 38 adult and 60 traditional-age college students in the same course found that older students had significantly higher scores on meaning orientation and lower scores on reproducing orientation and had persistence and educational attainment at least as high as that of traditional-age students. (Author/MSE)

Using poor and normal readers, three studies evaluated semantic coding and phonological coding deficits as explanations for reading disability. It was concluded that semantic coding deficits are unlikely causes of difficulties in poor readers in early stages but accrue with prolonged reading difficulties in older readers. Phonological coding…

In 2 experiments, 261 middle school students processed an analogy and responded to factual and inferential target-domain questions in a study of variables that contribute to the formation of analogical misconceptions. Results of both experiments support a six-variable model of analogical misconception formation. (SLD)

Studied the influence of school- and age-related variables on tasks involving quantitative skills. On conservation of number, performance improved as a function of age but not schooling. On mental arithmetic, accuracy improved with schooling rather than age. Results support the utility of the cut-off design for investigating instructional and…

Examines the literature on the relationship between educational deficit and various risk and protective factors: history of abuse or neglect, foster placement, child age, and environmental conditions. Findings suggest interventions with preschoolers that focus on strengthening children's socioemotional competencies and differentiate between needs…

Examined the process by which 79 nursery school pupils age 4 and 5 years discovered the properties of magnetism while playing with magnets and various metallic and nonmetallic objects. Found that the older children were more likely to discover magnetism on their own, while the younger children required the encouragement of their teacher to uncover…