Children's judgments of confidence were examined following performance on a cognitive task as a function of age and skill and the presence or absence of feedback. Results suggest that domain-specific knowledge, in conjunction with feedback, may help young children compensate for developmental factors associated with an unrealistically high degree…

Data from the Massachusetts Service Coordination Battery were analyzed for institutionalized (N=406) and community-based (N=124) mentally retarded adults and for institutionalized (N=460) and community-based (N=95) mentally retarded older adults to determine differences in cognitive, medical, and functional impairment; service needs; and…

Reviews the general trends of research concerned with second language phonology, citing several principal factors involved in foreign accent such as age and native language interference. More recent investigations show that pronunciation of a foreign language is influenced by factors of stylistic variation and stages of development unrelated to…

Many of today's youngsters are alienated, poor achievers with drug dependencies. Recent "liberating" developments for adults, such as simplified divorce procedures, have lessened adult input in children's lives. Support of children from public institutions wanes as political conservatism increases. Effective solutions are sorely needed on the…

Provides a short synopsis of nine research projects developed by school staff members throughout the country. They were selected by the Advisory Committee on Higher Education Relationships to compete for the Outstanding Research Presentation Award. (MD)

Investigation of the perception and production of English voiceless fricatives in normally developing monolingual 3- to 5-year-olds (N=12) partially supported the hypothesis that certain sound substitutions by older children are perceptually based substitutions, typified by poor discrimination, while others are phonetic substitutions--phonemic…

Examines the influence of teachers, age, sex, and race on the reading preferences of third, fourth, and fifth grade pupils. Concludes that the tested variables do explain differences, but that there are more similarities than differences. (RS)

Black children as a whole had higher rates of homicide deaths than White children, but the difference fades when socioeconomic status is taken into consideration, especially for older children. For children under 5 the leading cause of death was battering; for those over 5 the leading cause was firearms. (Author/BJV)

Outlines five student characteristics (age, expectations, ability, cognitive style, and affect) that may be important for examining computer materials and suggests how teachers and researchers can observe students' use of computer-assisted language learning to make appropriate instructional decisions. (Author/CB)

Investigates whether temperament is related to a child's initial reaction to peers in a nursery school setting and to changes over time. The central hypothesis that temperament is related to initial and later social behavior with peers is confirmed. (Author/BB)

A study examined social and personal factors affecting the decision process of Australian secondary school students choosing university study and the effects of student background factors in higher education participation generally. The complex patterns of factors operating differentially in the high school years are interpreted through…

Examination of 278 American adults on the Attitudes toward Women Scale revealed that females, younger people, and those of higher social status have more liberal attitudes than do males, older people, and those of lower social status. This supports the construct validity of the scale. (Author/BJV)

Collected normative data on 1,373 high school boys and girls in grades 9 through 12, on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), used to measure symptoms of eating disorders. Obtained significant sex, but not age, differences, and some racial and socioeconomic differences among the girls. (Author/KS)

Results of interviews with 173 younger and 163 middle-aged and older couples revealed that life strains were more closely linked to patterns of depressive symptoms in younger couples with strains tending to be greatest for couples in which both spouses reported depressive symptoms. (Author)

Reports on interplay between social and developmental processes in children's numerical understandings in working- and middle-class home settings. Methods included interviews with 78 children aged 2 1/2 and 4 1/2 years to assess their numerical understandings, interviews with the mothers about their children's everyday number activities, and…