Examines the perceptions of elementary school students regarding who among their fellow students are "better readers." Particular attention is given to the effects of differences in classroom organization, student age, and student ability on student perception. (MP)

Presents a model of mutual influences within the family which relates parental beliefs about developmental processes to parents' teaching practices. The model was tested by applying a path analysis to data on 120 families varying on number of children and educational level and age of parents. Results indicated differences between beliefs and…

The prevalence of alcohol use among students at colleges in New York State was studied, along with sociodemographic characteristics that tend to be associated with heavy or moderate drinking or abstension. The age at which a student took the first drink was the strongest predictor of alcohol consumption. (Authors/PP)

This study investigated whether a pattern for the development of motor ability could be discerned, using the same range of motor performance tests with boys and girls at 10 different age levels. Researchers did not find a pattern as clear as has emerged in personality and intelligence development. (PP)

Studied the perceptions, expectations, and attitudes toward aging among students of religion and their graduate counterparts by means of structured interviews. Results revealed students had more positive attitudes toward young than old people, relatively low gerontological knowledge, and negative biases toward the aged. (RC)

Derived a representative national nursing home admissions cohort with 1977 survey data. Found that high proportions of admissions have short lengths of stay and are discharged within the same calendar year. (Author/RC)

Found early permission to date related to: feelings of being confident, independent, and tired; good relationship with mother; reported drinking and drug abuse problems; and frequent drug use. Found late permission related to feelings of being unsure, dependent, and refreshed; poor relationship with mother; maternal overstrictness; and serious…

Investigated developmental patterns in the way in which students in grades 5-12 describe five common occupations. Students (N=544) responded to five occupational titles with or without an accompanying occupational description. Results indicated that provision of an occupational description influenced responses, particularly at lower grade levels.…

Dealt with the association of race to mental test performance and how this association interacts with age and the instrument used. Results show at the school age and preschool level, the Black and White children differed significantly in General Cognitive Indices and in their Wechsler mean full scale IQs. (Author)

Examined sex-role stereotyping and its relation to sex-role norms. Results show children stereotyped in behavioral descriptions and occupational choices more than did college students. Children whose mothers were employed were more stereotyped in occupational choices. College students evidenced a very low rate of stereotyping in behavioral…

Concludes that there are fewer differences in children's reading preferences between sex, age, and nationality than educators have been led to believe. (FL)

Examines five general issues related to research on children's use of hypotheses during problem solving: (1) types of hypotheses and how they are detected, (2) the acquisition of hypotheses through cognitive or conditioning mechanisms, (3) learning, sampling assumptions, and rule-guided behavior, (4) feedback variables, and (5) subject variables.…

Examines the midlife career/crisis transition period of academic staff surveyed in four Australian Universities. Supports a generalized career stage model and a specific career stage model of academic staff, who are shown to be particularly susceptible to the midlife crisis/transition phenomenon. (Author/JAC)

Observed the social communication and task relevant behaviors of 80 kindergarten and first-grade children, each of whom was assigned to do a task with either a friend or a nonfriend. Results showed that friends exhibited less sharing and communicative behaviors and more task relevant behaviors. An explanatory model is suggested to account for…

The retention of the conditioned response was tested in a retroactive interference paradigm. Results suggested that what is learned by children in simple conditioning paradigms is different than what is learned by adults in the same paradigms. (Author/PN)