Reports two cross-sectional studies assessing the influence of age on the use of 28 coping mechanisms. Results showed older people coped similiarly to younger people, and where they employed different mechanisms it was because of different types of stress. Middle-aged and older people used less hostile and escapist reactions. (Author/RC)

Explores the issues of patient homogeneity, external validity, internal validity, choosing and implementing specific treatment modalities, therapist experience and attitudes, therapist age, reliability and validity of measures, and problems obtaining follow-up information when studying treatment of depressed elderly patients. (Author)

Reviews problems with early survey research methods. Recent studies are examined in terms of characteristics of the stimuli and contexts, and characteristics of the perceivers employed in them. Methodological and conceptual issues in these three categories are used to organize the body of research that exists. (Author)

In two experiments, children were subjected to a delay of gratification procedure in which higher levels of reward were contingent upon maintaining waiting behavior. Results from both experiments indicated that the impact of a positive affect induction procedure on delay of gratification varied with age. (Author/DB)

Interrelationships between measures of satisfaction and a variety of life domains were used to test the similarity of the underlying factor structure of subjective well-being across age levels. Findings indicated that for respondents of age levels between 25 and 75, the nature of the underlying factors are similar. (Author)

The intention of this study was to discover how and to what extent children use simile and metaphor in their spontaneous oral language. Results showed that type of stimulus was the most influential factor in inducing children's oral metaphoric language, with the nature of the task also significant. (Author/GK)

Compared differences in the Bender-Gestalt mean error scores of 1,938 Black, Hispanic, and White children. Performed a two-way between groups' unweighted means ANOVA on the error scores for the seven age groups and for the three ethnic groups. Significant differences were found for both main effects. (Author)

Separate predictions for educational attainment were made for the young-old (65-74 years) and the old-old (over 75 years) males and females. Results indicated that educational attainment for the young-old in year 2001 will equal that achieved by the 25- to 64-year-old group in 1971. Examines limitations and consequences of intelligence assessment.…

Surveyed parents of preschoolers about their future plans for sex education. Found most middle-class mothers and fathers expected to discuss a wide range of sexual topics and in the same general sequence. Suggests delaying discussion of value-laden topics may limit parents' effectiveness. Discusses recommendations for family practitioners.…

Several hypotheses were investigated in order to specify the conditions under which students are able to perceive the level of counselor-offered therapeutic conditions, and counselor religous orientation. Data analysis revealed a significant difference in counselor favorability between high and low therapeutic levels for the intrinsically…

Possible differential relations between social sensitivity and perspective taking and prohibitive and prosocial moral reasoning were assessed for males and females. The levels of principled or internalized reasoning in these content areas were compared. (Author/GK)

An examination of 18 children's reality-fantasy judgments about television indicated that such judgments shift with age from a focus on physical features and a rigid assessment of actuality, to a sensitivity to the plausibility of characters and plotlines, and an appreciation of authorial intent. Sixteen references are cited. (Author/MER)

Tested whether intrinsic motivation depends on matching cognitive level and task demands and assessed effects of rewards and praise on intrinsic motivation. Children preferred tasks just beyond their ability levels. Praise had mixed effects: rewards decreased intrinsic motivation among highly motivated children but did not influence intrinsic…

Thirty kindergarten children, 30 third graders, 30 sixth graders, and 30 college students were told two stories in which an actor behaved either generously or selfishly. Subjects then predicted and rated the actor's behavior in 10 life-like situations that provided opportunities for generous behavior as well as behaviors similar to generosity…

One hundred sixty eight students (grade 1-college) evaluated the achievement behavior of hypothetical students differing in ability, effort expenditure, and test outcome, both from the perspective of student and teacher. Teacher perspectives indicated that effort and outcome were perceived as highly relevant. Student perspectives indicated high…