Four experiments involving 101 first and third graders investigated developmental changes in children's knowledge about the types of strategies that are appropriate for achieving goals of comprehension or memorization. Only third graders distinguished between comprehension and memory by consistently selecting the appropriate strategy. (SLD)

This study first found that an adaptation of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children exhibited construct validity and test-retest reliability in assessing preschool children's sensitivity to age-related differences in peers' developmental abilities. Second, children with disabilities were viewed as less…

Ancient philosophers, such as Plato and Euclid, believed in an extramission theory of visual perception, which held that there are emissions from the eyes during the act of vision. Three studies, comparing college and elementary school students, found a decrease over age in the belief in extramission and an increase in the belief that vision…

Measured effects of age, prior opinions, and peer interaction on first, third, and sixth graders and college students as they expressed their opinion on a topic while alone (pretest), while with a peer (test), and again while alone (posttest). Found that age affected the number, type, and elaboration level of pretest reasons for holding a given…

Describes a study of 154 female teachers' perceptions of children's behavior problems in nursery classes in Greece. The overall prevalence rate identified by teachers for all behavior problems was 14.3%. Children's gender, age, and academic achievement, and teachers' teaching experience were found to be significant factors in the study, but the…

Three approaches to speech therapy for children who stutter are proposed, reflecting differences in the type and degree of parent involvement required for different age groups. The first approach considers parent-child interaction skills as a basis for facilitating development of fluency skills in young children. Intensive group therapy programs…

Factors influencing the job search outcomes of 1,353 Finnish individuals with disabilities were studied, focusing on age, gender, domicile, basic education, vocational training, and type of disability. Results showed that age, education, and domicile influenced outcomes, and labor market status was to some extent gender specific. (JDD)

Assessed the beliefs of first, third, and fifth graders about their ability and achievement and their motivational responses to challenging puzzles. Suggests that individual differences in children's cognition about ability and achievement are related to their motivational responses throughout the school years. Points out ways that these…

Two studies explored preschool, second-, and fifth-grade children's moral and dispositional judgments as influenced by an actor's efforts. Findings indicated that older children's judgments and predictions reflected coordination of the actor's effort with information about the actor's anticipated goal. Preschool children focused more on the…

A three-day experiment set up by an early childhood teacher explored Piaget's view that children younger than age eight lack ability to take another's point of view. The experiment focused on a bear, the class mascot, and observations of children's empathetic behavior toward its "injury." Age-related differences in the children's…

The self-actualization and self-concept of 368 intellectually gifted students in grades 4 through 12 were investigated using the Reflections of Self by Youth (ROSY), the Maslowian Scale, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. On the ROSY, the mean for high-school students was higher than for the elementary or junior-high students, and…

This study of the effects of child age (20 and 40 months) and level of developmental delay (mild and severe) on identification of developmental disorders by 155 family practice physicians provided evidence that identification of developmental delay was generally high across conditions, with mild delay being less likely to be detected. (Author/JDD)

Surveyed 99 Anglo-Argentine students aged 10 through 18 at five Spanish-English bilingual schools in Buenos Aires about their language attitudes and usage. It found that, despite the prestige of the English language, Spanish had become the dominant language for most. Age and place of residency in Buenos Aires also had a significant effect on…

Development of ambulation was studied with 1,744 children, ages 3 to 10, with moderate to profound mental retardation. Although the probability of improvement declined with age, some improvements in basic skills did occur far past the normative age for development of speech and ambulation, across all levels of mental retardation. (Author/DB)

Examined the differences between linguistic-cognitive ability and language performance in a sample of 172 preschool and kindergarten children from 3 sociocultural locations (urban, working class, and rural) in Greece. Linguistic-cognitive abilities were found to have no influence on verbal interaction and production. Sociocultural influences did…