Compared younger and older golfers equivalent at molar level of performance (shots taken per round of golf) through componential analysis to identify age differences in psychomotor skills. Differences suggest age-related impairment in some component skills are compensated for by greater reliance on skills that either improve or remain stable with…

Statistical analysis of 10 personal (client) variables and four program variables related to 76 people who became blind from retinitis pigmentosa revealed that 6 variables predicted clients' rehabilitation outcomes: age, gender, race, work status, amount of case-service money spent on the client's behalf, and number of changes in career objectives…

This report details demographic factors associated with 119 cases of physical child abuse occurring in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Findings address severity of abuse, age factors, perpetrator characteristics, family social class, family problems, psychological disorders, and substance abuse. (DB)

Evaluated the effects of a drought and temporary food shortage on 248 Kenyan mother-child dyads' energy intake, weight, and behaviors. Found that school-age children were affected more negatively than toddlers, showing significant declines in energy intake, age-corrected weight, activity on the playground, and classroom attention. Behavior…

Measured Mexican American children's understanding of the relationship between health behavior and health status in three areas: (1) nutrition; (2) hygiene; and (3) safety. Results revealed that the children knew the least about the relationship between food consumption and their health and knew the most about beneficial and harmful practices in…

Examined the impact of day-care participation during the first 3 years of life on the cognitive functioning of 867 school age children who participated in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Found that children from impoverished homes who started day care before age one had higher reading scores than children from similar homes who did not…

Two cohorts of students with and without learning disabilities were followed for three years, and they and their teachers annually rated their capabilities and efforts in science. Some age differences in student self-evaluation were found. Comparison of student and teacher ratings suggests that teachers often have higher expectations for students…

Explores construction of black racial identity attitudes during three stages of life span. Responses from 476 blacks between ages 14 and 59 reveal inverse relationship between immersion attitudes (strong attachment to black culture and its expression) and age: the older the participants, the less likely they were to express immersion attitudes.…

Used cross-sectional life span data from normative sample for Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery to examine independence of age-related cognitive changes in childhood and adulthood. Found that majority of age-related differences were shared across different cognitive variables and were well predicted by individual differences in…

Collected data on twins' performance on 13 cognitive variables measured three times at three-year intervals. Twins were monozygotic or dizygotic pairs reared together or apart and were in six cohorts ranging in age from 41 through 84 years. Found stable mean cognitive performance across time on eight measures for the younger cohorts, and…

A sample of 364 homeless adolescents was interviewed about residential and family histories. Results indicate the youth came from generally troubled backgrounds and had elevated rates of psychiatric disorders. Boys' histories typically included physical abuse and girls' histories were more often marked by sexual abuse. (Contains references.)…

Compared prevalence and developmental course of problem behaviors in 1,538 internationally adopted and nonadopted Dutch children across adolescence. Found high levels of problem behaviors in adopted versus nonadopted adolescents. Problem behavior increased with age for adopted, but not nonadopted. Concluded that despite much higher levels of…

Explains embodied fieldwork as learning to act and think like a geographer. Examines how students are assumed to be able-bodied (ability to walk/climb) and what occurs when they are not. Demonstrates how the selection of rugged outdoor environments for fieldwork reinforces assumptions about students and staff as able-bodied. (CMK)

Extends William James' classification of phenomenalistic reality (PR) and analyzes PR using empirical data available in developmental psychology; focuses on the relation of PR to a human subject; to rational constructions; and to the idea of truth. Concludes that the development of phenomenalistic reality is qualitatively different from the…

Four studies with kindergarten through fifth graders and adults examined the development of reasoning about the origins of psychological traits. Results suggested an age-related increase in the tendency to distinguish among different psychological traits, and that over time, individuals come to believe that psychological traits are determined…