Two studies are reported: one examines stereotypes about only children and the other examines stereotypes about mothers of only children. A sample of 150 college students were the subjects for the first study which utilized the Prisoner's Dilemma Game, the NASA exercise, and a questionnaire to test the hypotheses that only children are selfish,…

This review and critique examines cognitive developmental theory and research concerning the development of gender knowledge, and social learning theory and research concerning the development of sex-role stereotypes. A preliminary integrated model of the development of gender knowledge and sex-role stereotypes in young children is presented.…

Discusses nominal-pronominal reduplication (NPR) in the language of children ages seven and nine in four situations. Younger children produced more NPR; all children produced little NPR talking to their peers and increasing amounts talking to adults. Examples are given and analyzed. (EJS)

Examined with 254 children (grade 1 through grade 8) and 13 teachers in a rural Maine elementary school were the relationships between teachers' ratings of children's behavior on the Behavior Problem Checklist and children's self-reported personality source traits on age-appropriate Personality Questionnaires. (Author/IM)

This study compared the effects of two types of incidental learning paradigms and examined the influence of different kinds of stimulus relationships on first and sixth graders' selective learning processes. (GO)

Six same-different matching tests, both verbal and nonverbal in three modalities along with a set of reading tests, were administered to 120 Israeli children in second, third and fourth grade. (MS)

Relationships between children's self esteem, certainty of self esteem appraisal, and intellectual achievement responsibility were examined in boys and girls at the sixth grade and tenth grade levels with use of the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire. (MS)

Analysis of the free speech of one- to three-year-olds (N=21) found that measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) are positively related to age, are reliable, and can predict grammatical development, although there are identifiable points in the developmental evolution of MLU and MLU-like indices beyond which their reliability and validity have…

Confirmed the hypothesis that happiness leads to self-indulgence when children have no reason to believe that excessive self-gratification is morally wrong but that happiness promotes self-denial when children fear that excessive self-gratification violates a moral rule. Results with 112 White, middle-class, Australian children ages four to five…

Seventy-five children at ages 10, 13, and 16 were administered Selman's role-taking interview, a measure of social desirability, and a multidomain measure of self-doubt. Consistent with the social-cognitive model, self-doubt decreased and role taking ability increased with age during early adolescence. (Author/JAZ)

Survey of 165 high school and college female athletes revealed the following: (1) high school subjects tend to emulate another female player; (2) of those who perceived a difference between male and female coaches as role models, high school students preferred a female coach, and college students preferred a male coach. (Author/BJV)

Examined the effects of various forms of new parental relationships following separation, on children's and mothers' adjustment. Found children's adjustment best with mothers not seriously romantically involved and with remarried mothers. Demonstrated that mothers' living with new partners but not married to them had a statistically significant…

Forty-eight Norwegian kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) drew pictures, wrote their names, and captioned pictures three times during one school year. Results of analyses of their language writing abilities showed strong age-related developmental trends. Classroom language/print environment was also evaluated. (TJH)

Examination of 360 Israeli college student candidates demonstrates that upper-class candidates evidence higher levels of moral judgment than their lower-class counterparts. Moral judgment levels were also moderately correlated with total aptitude test scores and matriculation grades but were not differentiated by sex, ethnicity, or age.…

Examination of children with disabled siblings reveals that nondisabled children may treat their siblings more kindly and spend more time caring for them than do children with nondisabled siblings. Their experiences may produce more worries and anxieties; however, they also may develop more tolerance and humanitarian concerns. (Author/BJV)