For both 6 and 11 year olds, social knowledge had a significant influence on test phase responses. It is maintained that the study clarifies the relationship between the use of knowledge-based and similarity-based information in children's acquisition of concepts. (BG)

Research findings on the status of adults with learning disabilities are reviewed and related to changing social and work environments. Findings show that learning disabilities persist into adulthood, that manifestations of learning disabilities in adulthood are different than in childhood, and that many adults with learning disabilities are not…

Reproductive factors for Hmong immigrants (mothers of 1,937 children) were compared with those of 3,776 white, non-Hispanic women. Despite a high proportion of births at high parity and advanced maternal age, Hmong women gave birth to very low birth weight babies at about the same rate as white women. (SLD)

Describes and examines three tests using an infant speech identification (ISI) procedure, in which English language environment infants, two- and six-year-old children, and adults were tested for their identification of sounds on a native (voice/voiceless bilabial stop) and a nonnative (prevoiced/voiced bilabial stop) speech continuum. (31…

Four experiments examined the spatial orientation of children who walked while wearing a blindfold. Children and adults viewed a target, were guided blindfolded to a new point, and then aimed a pointer at the target. Route complexity, but not number of targets or time delay, affected spatial orientation. Some age differences were observed. (BC)

This study, involving 48 children and adolescents with Down's syndrome, found that chronological age and mean mental age collectively accounted for much of subjects' variability in vocabulary comprehension and syntax comprehension, with total passes on a hearing screening accounting for additional variability. (Author/DB)

Reviews studies examining children's nurturing behaviors and suggests ways to encourage those behaviors in early childhood settings. Discusses age, gender, and cultural differences in the nurturing behavior of young children. Recommends that teachers expose children to positive role models and suggests several children's books with characters that…

Reports a study that examined the effects of modification of basketball size and basket height on shooting performance and self-efficacy of children ages 9-12 years. Subjects completed a self-efficacy questionnaire before and after shooting 10 baskets under 4 conditions. Self-efficacy was highest when children shot at a lower basket. (SM)

Moonlighting practices of 416 elementary and secondary school teachers were studied, comparing those who moonlight with those who do not. Results show that moonlighters tend to be younger, better educated, and less satisfied with current employment but no more likely to plan to quit than other teachers. (SLD)

A group of high-risk transfer students in third through fifth grades participated in a school orientation program and received tutoring at school. A second group received additional tutoring at home. Both groups showed modest improvements in academic and social behavior. Combined tutoring at home and school was more effective for third graders…

Analysis of data on 1,121 older adolescents and young adults from a national longitudinal survey examined effects of community involvement, social satisfaction, social network size, race, gender, and age on use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. Social support did influence use of alcohol and other drugs, but the direction of influence varied by…

Whether there are themes underlying adolescent drug use, and whether these themes are related to age, sex, or type of drug use was studied with 2,637 6th through 12th graders in Oklahoma. Age, gender, and user differences were identified as reasons adolescents use drugs. (SLD)

Conceptions of parental authority and ratings of adolescent-parent conflict were assessed in 6th-, 8th-, and 10th-graders and their parents. Participants judged the legitimacy of parental authority and rated the frequency and intensity of conflict regarding 24 hypothetical issues. Adolescents and parents agreed that parents should retain authority…

Students (n=169) in grades three, five, and seven completed Network of Relationships Inventory which measured perceptions of social support and conflict with each available grandparent. Most grandchildren reported supportive relationships with grandparents, with older grandchildren perceiving less supportive relationships when contrasted with…

Analyzed national data to identify characteristics that distinguished early and late coital behavior among black adolescent females. Compared to early coital initiators, late coital initiators were better informed about sexual issues and were exposed to life circumstances that encouraged them to delay sexual onset (two-parent families, higher…