Provides an overview of the value of employee assistance programs (EAP) as mechanisms to solve organizational problems. The article is based on a field study of 480 EAPs in private sector organizations with 500 or more employees. (JOW)

Since 1982, the federal government has relied on a decentralized, noncompetitive hiring method and on specialized examinations for entry-level professional hiring. Most agencies are satisfied, and minority hiring has increased. Both methods reflect a focus on selection based on specific job skills rather than on long-term career potential. (JOW)

Compares American and Japanese workers' degree of work centrality, the generalized importance of working to individuals. A large difference is found between the two countries and several potential explanatory rationales are examined. (Author/LHW)

Examined the role of subordinate age in performance evaluations. Results found that supervisors rated older subordinates lower than younger subordinates doing the same job; differences between self-ratings of performance and supervisory ratings seemed to be a function of the subordinate's age; and a significant age by performance interaction was…

Evaluated the effectiveness of a training group for health care workers (N=5) engaged in learning interpersonal skills. Two research confederates observed and recorded group process. While participants reported a positive experience to the trainer, a negative experience was reported among group members, suggesting the possibility of subject bias.…

Tested six hypotheses concerning the effects of need level (higher versus lower order) and need salience as moderators of the relationship between need satisfaction and alienation-involvement in employees (N=632). Results showed that higher-order need satisfaction correlated with alienation-involvement, and need saliency did not moderate the need…

Discusses environmental training for government personnel as a vital but neglected, area of environmental education, particularly on an in-service basis and in a global context. Ways to help decision-makers gain a fuller appreciation of environmental concerns are discussed. (BC)

This article presents the results of a research study undertaken to examine the characteristics of Singapore's Work Improvement Teams in terms of their cohesiveness, productivity, loyalty, and drive and pressure to conform. The impact of leadership on these characteristics is also examined. (CT)

In a Delphi study of the strength of the American Federation of Government Employees union at a U.S. government hospital, two rounds of questionnaires were sent to 33 union officials, management officials, and nonofficials. Strong union leadership and management deficiencies in employee relations emerged as the primary factors in the effectiveness…

Compared self-appraisals with instructions referencing supervisory feedback with conventional self-appraisals with personnel from a large institution (N=401) and two samples of military personnel (N=117). Results showed that Feedback Based Self Appraisals exhibited more agreement with superior ratings, and degree of feedback available moderated…

Compared the assumptions of 100 male and female employees about colleagues' views of their performance on a joint task. Results indicated women anticipated more blame for a joint failure, less credit for a joint success, and a work image of lesser effectiveness, regardless of the co-worker's sex. (JAC)

Demonstrated the use of quantitative content validity procedures in the development of a job-related behavioral rating scale criterion for entry-level psychiatric aides. Found that 78 of 83 items were significantly job-relevant using the computation procedures of both Lawshe and Aiken. (JAC)

A rationale for deciding which motivation methods to use for employees who have differing levels of satisfaction. Discusses pros and cons of two theories on job satisfaction--Herzberg's theory and the traditional theory--suggesting strongly a need to combine both ideas. (WL)

This article presents results of a recent empirical study examining types of e-learning barriers and the relationship between these barriers and e-learning self-efficacy. A significant inverse relationship (r = -0.086, p less than 0.05) emerged. The sample was comprised of 865 employee e-learners (n = 865). The theoretical framework was centered…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of instrument completion instructions on univariate and multivariate distributional characteristics and relationships among variables. Instructions allowed free-choice allotment of ratings (unforced instructions) or requested the subject to assign a certain number of ratings to either the highest…