The rapid increase in international students, many of whom study in a second language (L2), has driven extensive research that examines the contribution of L2 proficiency to students' academic success. However, focusing solely on L2 proficiency as captured by language test scores provides a limited perspective, ignoring the many factors that…

This study aims to compare the ratings of primary caregivers and teachers of any mental health problems of preschool children in rural China. The primary caregivers and teachers provided their ratings of mental health of 1,191 sample rural preschool children (mean age = 56.8 months; 587 girls) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire…

Children's occupational aspirations begin forming at an early age and there are multiple social, educational, and experiential factors that may affect them. These aspirations are still poorly understood in the context of presumptive labour markets, however. This study aimed to elucidate the frequency, influences, and rationale regarding the…

According to the situated expectancy-value model, students' motivational beliefs interact and are influenced by situations. This study examined how within-person fluctuations in science-related self-concept, intrinsic value, and cost are associated over time among Helsinki elementary students (N = 538, ages 7-12). The random intercept cross-lagged…

Purpose: Laboratory-based word learning research demonstrates that retrieval-based practice supports learning and retention more than passive training strategies. The goal of the current study was to determine whether incorporating retrieval-based practice into an interactive book reading intervention contributed to better learning and retention…

In the face of growing globalization and international market integration, there is a rising demand for the English Graduation Benchmark (EGB) policy in Taiwanese higher education. While previous research has addressed students' views on the EGB policy and its positive and negative effects on learning and teaching, medical university students'…

Grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), this study explores how teacher instruction clarity impacts Year 9 students' mathematics interest through the mediating roles of confidence and value, with a focus on gender differences. Structural equation modelling applied to the 2019 New Zealand TIMSS dataset (2,594 girls and 2,651 boys)…

This study explores secondary school students' experiences with physical education (PE) in Thailand, with a particular focus on the impact of standardized fitness assessments on motivation, self-perception, and long-term engagement in physical activity. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, focus groups, and…

Gender gaps in students' foreign language proficiency self-assessment can negatively impact their educational careers and position in the labour market. We investigated how female and male students self-assess their English as a foreign language (EFL) proficiency in comparison to their EFL test scores. We further examined the potential…

Preparing students for science, technology, and engineering careers is an urgent state policy challenge. We examined the design and roll-out of a science testing requirement for high school graduation in Massachusetts. While science test performance improved over time for all demographic subgroups, we observed rising inequality in failure rates…

This report provides estimates of the lifetime earnings return associated with marginal improvements in attainment at KS2 in England. KS2 assessments take place at the end of primary school, when pupils are aged 10-11. They are a key marker of children's educational progress, and have been a compulsory part of the national curriculum since 1995.…

This book draws on ethnographic studies in nine countries across six continents to examine young children's perspectives on their male and female teachers. Contributors from China, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, Norway, the UK, and the USA present case studies based on early childhood education sites where both men and women…

This study examines whether game-based learning can be used as a promising strategy for fostering students' engagement and motivation. Researchers investigate students' perceptions of the effectiveness of three educational games designed to teach cybersecurity in primary schools: an escape room-style game, a treasure hunt game, and a quiz…

Increasing access to higher education for lower income students is an important goal. However, increasing socioeconomic (SE) diversity on a college campus without addressing the marginalization of students from less-advantaged SE backgrounds can impact students' academic and social outcomes. In this article, the authors study marginalization of…

By using a three-time longitudinal design, the present study focuses on three components of executive function (EF), respectively, to examine whether the relation between EF and receptive vocabulary was reciprocal and whether the direction of the above relation would differ by EF components and child gender. A total of 320 Chinese preschool…