This study helped develop guidelines for modifying the current curriculum of the existing B.A. in English Translation within Iranian universities. Participants were 30 experts in the fields of English language translation, linguistics, and translatology from four Iranian universities. Using the Delphi research methodology, researchers administered…

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of a classroom communication apprehension scale for a sample of 196 high school students in Japan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The original English version of a classroom communication apprehension scale (M. Neer, 1987) consisted of 20 items representing 2…

This study examined learners' productive competence in collocations and idioms by means of their performance on two interdependent tasks. Participants were two groups of English as a Foreign Language undergraduate and graduate students from the English department at Jordan's Yarmouk University. The two tasks included the following: a multiple…

The need to conduct assessments in languages other than English is growing rapidly. In addition to the rising number of children who do not speak English as their language at home, the number of different languages spoken by children in public schools is also increasing rapidly. Shifting demographics strongly support the need to increase the…

The tasks of creation, management, and maintenance of multilingual subject authority files require significant resources, and are therefore best carried out in cooperation. Four national libraries in Europe (the Swiss National Library, la Bibliotheque de France, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, and the British Library) have worked together on a…

A study investigated the role of audience awareness in translation of lexical items, specifically as it may affect translation from English to Chinese. The audiences, or readership, in this case is defined as readers from three different regions in which Chinese is used predominantly: Hong Kong; mainland China; and Taiwan. The varieties of Chinese…

Essays, all in French, address issues in language teacher and translator training. They include: "Les competences linguistiques et discursives du redacteur professionel: un ensemble a circonscrire" ("Linguistic and Discourse Competencies of the Professional Editor: A Unity To Define") (Celine Beaudet); "Les composantes d'un enseignement systemique…

Presented at "Translation 73," a conference on the present state of literary translation, Columbia University, March 30, 1973. (DD)

Based on a series of papers presented at the 22nd University of Kentucky Foreign Language Conference, April 1969 and other professional meetings. (DS)