Major drawback of traditional evaluation is its emphasis on outcome" or terminal performance; what is needed are more process-oriented methods of assessment. Author describes Program Analysis" as a possible model. (Author/MB)

Discusses the design of effective questionnaires based on the concept of a hierarchical classification of Levels of Information: global (Level I), general concept (Level II), and specific (Level III). By tying question types to the information desired, the entire questionnaire can be improved. (JJD)

Designed to guide project evaluators in determining the type of evaluation appropriate to projects; explains formative and summative evaluations, gives examples of each, and explains the evaluator's role in each method. (Journal availability: National Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University, 5151 State University Drive,…

Study describes the use of learning environment data to evaluate the effect of new curriculum at the formative stage of development. Results support the use of learning environment data as a diagnostic instrument in formative evaluation of curriculum development efforts. (Author/DS)

In its role as a broker between the scientific community and the Congress, the Office of Technology Assessment evaluates the soundness of scientific conclusions for policy makers and ensures that research findings are included in formative policy analysis. (Author)

Despite a number of organizational limitations and shortcomings, a pilot project in Pakistan designed to make adults functionally literate with the help of television has been demonstrated viable. Three references are listed. (Author/LLS)

Suggests that new developments in prescriptive theory offer an opportunity for instructional designers to combine research and practice in developing instruction. Ways in which instructional theories can facilitate practical applications are suggested. (MER)

Group therapy sessions were rated using four Hill interaction matrix variables and Truax-Carkhuff variables of empathy, immediacy, self-exploration, and confrontation. Canonical correlation analysis suggested the two systems converged along a dimension labeled initiating skills. Hill's system showed that immediacy, conceptualized by Traux and…

Examines the usefulness of participatory evaluation in program development. Emphasizes formative evaluation and suggests approaches for planning participation in evaluation and adapting methods to facilitate use of participatory evaluation in adult and nonformal education programs. (JOW)

Reviews a number of models, paradigms, designs, techniques, and procedures for the evaluation of instructional materials. (RAO)

Describes two occasions where television has been used to record a series of tutorials in mathematics and earth science to improve the performance of those conducting the tutorials. The opportunity for playback, analysis, and discussion with colleagues was especially valuable. (Author)

This examination of methods by which specificity is achieved in LC subject headings includes examples of the application of these methods in particular headings, and a brief discussion of problems of consistency and levels of specificity in LCSH. (Author/MBR)

In 1991, Michael Scriven published "Beyond Formative and Summative Evaluation," a reconsideration of the classic distinction in evaluation roles. Debate about the roles of evaluation continued in the four papers that follow this introduction, all of which were presented at a forum at the 1995 International Evaluation Conference. (SLD)

Performance measurement can serve both formative and summative evaluation functions. Formative evaluation is typically more useful for government purposes whereas performance measurement is more useful than one-shot evaluations of either formative or summative nature. Evaluators should study performance measurement through case studies and…