The formative-summative distinction in evaluation is defended as a reasonable way to classify evaluation activities. Context ultimately defines the formative or summative functions of evaluation. The characteristics of an evaluator are defined, and points of agreement with the other contributors to the forum are noted. (SLD)

Examined the Kirkpatrick evaluation framework (D. Kirkpatrick, 1959) through a case study of a national leadership development program, the Canadian Agriculture Lifetime Leadership Program. Draws conclusions about using the Kirkpatrick framework to evaluate noncredit educational programs, and shows how the framework enabled productive formative…

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination used in British nursing education can enhance skill development through simulated experiences. Survey results from 86 students and 39 lecturers show that it can be effective when used formatively for hands-on practice and feedback. (Contains 16 references.) (SK)

Discussion of the predictive evaluation of educational software, i.e. the evaluation of software prior to its intended use, focuses on a model known as the Jigsaw Model, which attempts to integrate usability and educational issues. Highlights include the failure of checklists for evaluation and two studies that tested the model with practicing…

Discusses the dimensions of automatic, Web-based testing and the issues surrounding it. Suggests two testing softwares, eGrade and Test Pilot. (Author/SOE)

Describes a knowledge-based computer system that integrates principles of formative evaluation and remedial teaching. Theoretical foundations of the system are discussed, the principle of multiple facets is explained, steps to construct a facet test are presented, and an example is given describing how to write minor musical scales. (seven…

Before designing and implementing an evaluation program for principals, districts must determine purpose. Districts that weave both purposes (accountability and professional improvement) into a comprehensive evaluation program reap important benefits. Three basic phases are involved--planning, collecting information, and using information. (MLH)

Discussion of formative evaluation highlights alternative formative evaluation methods and tools and explains their advantages, disadvantages, and applicable contexts. Methods described include two-on-one evaluation; think-aloud protocols; computer interviewing; self-evaluation; panel reviews; evaluation meetings; computer journals and networks;…

Responses from 367 small businesses were used to formulate a four-step process audit: (1) business owner questionnaire; (2) interviews with owners and key personnel; (3) intensive observation; and (4) presentation of a detailed report. The process identifies areas of effectiveness/success and areas needing immediate or long-term action. (SK)

The School Discipline Climate Survey provides information about current levels of staff expectation and satisfaction for each of 13 subscales (attendance policies, discipline policies, staff training, communication, efficiency, parent support, due process/consistency, safe environment, discipline teamwork, strategic planning, penalties,…

Examined psychotherapy studies published in "Journal of Counseling Psychology" (JCP) and "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology" (JCCP) between 1978 and 1992. Found that JCP published mostly process, outcome, and analogue research, whereas JCCP published mostly outcome research. Most process and process-outcome studies across journals were…

Draws on a review of literature about the use of formative assessment in the classroom. Provides a brief overview of the evidence, both quantitative and qualitative, of the quality of teachers' classroom-assessment practices. Contains 23 references. (DDR)

Examines issues in monitoring students' growth and performance as they progress through a training program. These include ensuring faculty and advisor access to evaluation information; demonstrating student growth while remediating weaknesses; and tracking trends in student work. A model for developing a continuous assessment project at one…

This interview with staff-development expert, Bruce Joyce, discusses the effect of staff development on student achievement, focusing on the importance of teachers and administrators continuously studying what they are implementing, research on how staff development affects student achievement, assessment as part of the process of instruction, the…

Discusses how formative assessment workshops aid students in large classes. Sessions provide students with some feedback using multiple choice or short answer questions presented by tutors on TV monitors. At the conclusion of the workshops, tutors make themselves available to answer questions. (AIM)