The primary purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Hope Scale scores would play a significant role in predicting the effectiveness of a five-session career planning workshop for 61 adults. The results of three hierarchical regressions suggest that the trait hope does not play a significant role in predicting participants' career…

Three studies explored the connection between attachment and peer-related representations among children from preschool age through grade five. Found that children secure in their attachment to their parents had more positive peer feelings than did insecure children, and greater perceived rejection by both mothers and fathers was associated with…

Two experiments examined whether 40 infants would reenact what an adult did or intended to do: (1) infants observed an adult unsuccessfully attempt to complete 4 target acts; and (2) children observed a mechanical device tracing the adults' actions. Infants could infer adults' intentions and imitate target acts, suggesting that children can…

Presents results of a study comparing stereotypes of good, evil, weakness, power, and control across five national borders. Concludes that dimensions of power and control have considerable communality across cultures, as do definitions of good and evil. Reports that manifestations of these moral concepts in everyday behaviors can vary widely. (DK)

Discusses the nature of control, examining how organisms as control systems sense or monitor the variable being controlled when responding to environmental changes. Argues that learning is the development of control in an attempt to fit the two phenomena central to traditional learning theory--conditioning and reinforcement--into the broader…

Survey of nurses sampled expected utility of present job for attaining career goals interacted with career commitment in predicting intent to leave; utility and intent to leave were negatively related for those with high commitment/positively related for those with low commitment; effects of utility and commitment on actual turnover were almost…

The nature of the attitude-behavior relation was investigated through the use of structural equation models in a cross-lagged panel design involving 254 undergraduates reacting to 2 kinds of goal-directed behaviors. Results suggest that intentions, and to a lesser extent attitudes, are dependent on behavior and not the reverse. (SLD)

Twenty-one learning-disabled and 22 nondisabled junior high students heard a series of audiotaped stories describing interactions between 2 individuals, with each story containing a statement that was either sincere, deceptive, or sarcastic. Probes of students' interpretations of these statements found that learning-disabled students were less…

Examines the relation between toys and intentions, focusing on preschoolers. Toys reveal important cultural concerns, help develop valued attributes, and can be sensitive indicators of historical change. Toys and play allow children freedom to express personal intentionality regarding cultural intentions. (SM)

Explores the influence of attributional style on women's persistence in engineering majors after controlling for academic ability. Female students (n=255) previously or currently enrolled in an engineering program completed measures assessing their attributions for science, mathematics, and engineering academic events, and thoughts of changing…

Discusses college course planning and describes the results of an empirical study that explored faculty members' underlying assumptions about planning and their decision-making process when teaching introductory classes. Highlights include purposes faculty express for their courses; contextual influences that modify their intentions; and the way…

Examined aggressive and non-aggressive young adolescents' attributions of intent in hypothetical teacher-student interactions. Found that when teachers' intentions were ambiguous, aggressive adolescents were more likely than non-aggressive adolescents to attribute hostile intentions to teachers, were more likely to blame teachers for the outcome,…

This study explored relationships between Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Outcome Expectations and Intention Certainty. Intention Certainty is a new variable created for this study and comprised of existing conceptions of intention and decision certainty. The purpose of this study was fourfold. This study attempted to expand our understanding of…

The authors assessed young men's knowledge and perceptions of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to identify factors that predict intention to make positive behavioral changes. Male university students aged 18 to 25 years completed a self-report instrument to assess knowledge and perceptions of genital HPV infection. If diagnosed with…

This paper argues that the "traditional conception of moral responsibility" authorizes and supports denials of white complicity. First, what is meant by the "traditional conception of moral responsibility" is delineated and the enabling and disenabling characteristics of this view are highlighted. Then, three seemingly good,…