Prior to the adoption of a Restrictive Procedures Guidelines Draft, baseline measures on the use of restrictive procedures were collected by observing selected retarded adult clients (N=13) in seven pre-selected settings (group homes or vocational shops) of the Vocational and Rehabilitation Research Institute (VRRI) in Calgary, Alberta. An…

One response to the disappointment from the curriculum reform of the 1960's has been an increased tendency towards more teacher autonomy in determining the curriculum. Seven modes of curriculum development in terms of the role of teachers have been identified. Listed from Center to Periphery these are: Centrally Based, Locally Centrally Based,…

Political debates often mask underlying differences in people's assumptions about natural behaviors and appropriate values. Ten individuals who had written letters to newspapers from nonmainstream perspectives (from right-wing libertarian to left-wing revolutionary communist) participated in three or four intensive, open-ended, semistructured…

An action-theory framework is used to systematically analyze the educational literature about student involvement in learning. Action is self-directed and arises from internal stimuli. In contrast, behavior is other directed and responds to external stimuli. The review focuses on the involvement of secondary learners in curricular, rather than…

The relationships between features of the maternal employment situation and mothers' positive descriptions of their three-year-old children were investigated in a sample of 152 White, two-parent families. Employed mothers' positive motivation for working, low role conflict, and gains in self-worth were all associated with mothers' favorable…

Developed control enhancing interventions to increase level of perceived control and well-being of older adults living in retirement communities. Program participants (N=29) experienced significant increases in their perceived level of control and overall functioning whereas control group participants (N=34) did not. Results suggest that some…

The supervision and training of women requires consideration of how to address issues brought to the training process as a result of sex-role typing. Dependent behavior and attitudes need to be overcome in a training process that leads to therapist competency and creativity. Strategic supervision benefits women by increasing self-reliance, sense…

Equal voting rights in marriages enhance the relationship, but it is more difficult to manage, and consequently, there are many failures. Solutions offered include: (1) education as information-giving, often not acted upon; (2) therapy, which can come too late to be effective; and (3) marriage enrichment which applies new knowledge preventively.…

The literature is reviewed on the variety of living options for physically disabled adults in the United Kingdom with reference to influences from Northern Europe and the United States. Noted are hospital units, residential care programs, collective and sheltered community housing, and integrated housing. (DB)

Reviews the ethical issues related to involuntary psychiatric treatment, including the conflicts between the principles of beneficence, autonomy, and nonmaleficence with regard to involuntary treatment for the patient's interests versus those of society. Describes moral problems as centering around disagreements regarding the patient's…

Reports two investigations of the self-efficacy beliefs of students with and without a physical disability. Used the Social Situations Questionnaire, Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Social Skills to validate the instruments developed for this investigation, the College Interaction Self-Efficacy…

All distance instructors are regularly evaluated by students of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College. The article reviews 388 evaluation forms to determine what qualities and teaching behaviors are most appreciated by adult women students in the program. High ratings were given to (1) providing feedback, (2) promptness, and (3) helpfulness. (CH)

This article examines some of the complexities associated with designing and evaluating an educational program aimed at meeting children's developmental needs. It then addresses the need to rethink goals for children within the framework of progressive education. (MT)

Considers Blos' conceptualization of adolescence as the stage when a second process of separation-individuation takes place. Notes various handicapping conditions may force adolescent to stay closer to family and hence interfere with adolescent's separation-individuation. Suggests that nature of interference will vary depending on whether the…

Examines the development of, and interrelations among, three types of autonomy during the transition from childhood into adolescence: emotional autonomy in relationships with parents, resistance to peer pressure, and the subjective sense of self-reliance. (HOD)