All 14 children in a Mayan sample slept in their mothers' beds into toddlerhood, whereas none of the 18 children in a U.S. sample slept in their mothers' beds on a regular basis. Mayan and U.S. parents' explanations for these practices are reported. (BC)

Based on information provided by Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers living in the New Haven, Connecticut area, culturally sensitive vignettes of toddler attachment behavior were constructed. In response to the vignettes, Anglo mothers focused on children's individual autonomy, while Puerto Rican mothers emphasized children's maintenance of proper…

Thirty-nine individuals with developmental disabilities received individualized rehabilitation programs based on client choice and implemented in client-approved home/community environments, and received training in residential, leisure, and personal skills. The intervention resulted in improved self-awareness, self-confidence, independence, and…

Describes the changes that have taken place in librarianship in the former Soviet Union. The discussion covers the advantages and disadvantages of centralized planning, the reorganization of library systems in Russia and the Ukraine, the effects of democratization on organization and librarian attitudes, and the remnants of Russification in…

Presents key themes from expanding literature on resilience, drawing from both psychological research and narratives of survivors. Focuses on Kauai study, landmark 30-year longitudinal study on resilience in 698 infants. Also examines survivors of child abuse, distinguishes between unhealthy and healthy resilience, discusses issues of separation…

A naturalistic time delay strategy and a carefully graded discrimination sequence were used to teach requesting of high interest leisure activities to a student with severe and multiple disabilities. Implications for programming and instruction in the cross-curriculum area of communication are discussed. (Author/DB)

Use of television as material for French second-language instruction is explored. It is proposed that, over the course of a three-year sequence, students can progress through three stages of listening comprehension skill development: discovery of the medium's unique characteristics; autonomy and mastery in its use; and familiarity. (MSE)

Examined and documented effects of interactive computer-based education and training on rehabilitation of long-term care residents (n=14). This approach was found to provide mental stimulation and challenge, as well as improving practical skills which directly impact upon competencies and feelings of autonomy of participants. (Author/NB)

A national medical school survey found 141 oaths given in 1989, indicating some offered a choice. Analysis found few demonstrated respect for patient autonomy; none included veracity. It is concluded that the oaths failed to address the changing physician-patient relationship and affirmed traditional principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence.…

Forty-five individuals with learning difficulties were interviewed, using an innovative "visual game" tech=Oique, as they went through the process of relocating from institutions to deinstitutionalized settings in the United Kingdom. Findings showed that subjects could make sensible, consistent, and illuminating comments on their…

Examines works by Deloria, Mathews, Forbes, Allen, and Vizenor concerning how American Indians can face challenges of asserting sovereignty and the place of traditional culture in the struggle. Argues that Indian intellectuals should pursue critical analysis of the dominant society and understanding of the Indian experience in wider contexts. (SV)

Compared adjustment scores among adolescents who differ in both emotional autonomy and perceptions of parental support. Found that, although adolescents who scored high in both emotional autonomy and relationship support reported more internal distress and behavior problems than less autonomous adolescents, they had higher levels of psychological…

This article considers the legacy of Samuel Gridley Howe and others such as Francis Campbell and Mary Caroline Greene who were committed to the education of individuals with blindness. The paper examines controversies over mainstreaming versus residential schooling and the need for emphasis on developing independence in individuals with blindness.…

Interview data gathered from students in a New Zealand English-as-a-Second-Language program form the basis of a discussion of autonomous behavior in language learning. It is noted that autonomous language learning has advantages over teacher-dominated learning but that it cannot simply be "clipped on" to existing programs. (Contains…

This essay takes the form of a dialog between the human "Self" and a questioner and explores the nature of individual self-consciousness, the Freudian model of the self, the development of the self in early childhood, the importance of parents in the self's development, and special problems of self-awareness in gifted students. (DB)