Experiments with fifth grade, tenth grade, and college students showed that, while students believe that teachers and they themselves appreciate effort more than ability, they actually would rather be perceived as having ability than as exerting effort. Fifth graders reacted more favorably to effort exertion than did the older groups. (Author/GC)

The variance in earned credit rates in an urban community college system was examined. An ANOVA design was employed to estimate the effects of four variables: college, department, course, and teacher. The results of the analysis indicate significant effects on earned credit rates due to college, department, and teacher. (Author/MLW)

Investigated whether students perceive science classroom environment in significantly different ways depending on their science teacher's sex. Reported differences (such as perceiving classes taught by males as more difficult), and possible relationships between these differences and changes in girl's preference for science are discussed.…

This review compares and contrasts eight instructional models presenting holistic conceptions of student learning in classroom settings. Major constructs posited by different theorists are cross-tabulated and related to factors of the model of educational productivity. (Author/PN)

Apparently positive behaviors, such as praise, help-giving and pity, may indicate low estimation of ability to the student, and blame, relative neglect, and anger may be perceived by the recipient as high estimations of ability. These behaviors influence recipient self-perception and determine expectations, affective reactions and performance.…

Introduces Heinz Kohut's psychology of the self and its counseling implications and reports on the development of 10 eight-point rating scales of counseling outcome that are derived for his theory. Reports data on interrater reliability and agreement for the 10 scales. (Author)

Examined reported amounts of time adolescents (N=52) spent in various types of household work. Findings indicated sex-role stereotyping in adolescents' time use. Females spent more time in housework than males. Found majority of adolescents contributing some time to household work, and discusses related variables. (RC)

Investigated performance of Hispanic science and engineering students (N=43) on reading a sentence describing the mathematical relationship between two variables and writing an equation describing the relationship. Results compared with (1) subjects' grade point average and language proficiency and (2) monolingual group (N=52). (Author/SK)

Techniques of competency identification, module preparation, and learning management are discussed in "An Effective Measurement of Performance" by Kenneth Allen; "The Making of a Module" by Jan Danford; and "Managing a CBVE Classroom" by Sonja Irlbeck. (SK)

Describes the application of computer based instruction (CBI) to prepare adult learners for new roles as managers in the acquisition of major defense systems. CBI efficiency and effectiveness are considered in terms of their potential to contribute to organizational performance needs and goals. (MER)

Examines the reasons behind and the effects of standardized and minimum competency tests. The authors conclude that the tests lead towards lower performance expectations for disadvantaged students, and increasingly rigid tracking along class, cultural, and racial lines. (AM)

Investigated the influence of methodological variables on the performance of older adults. Contrary to expectation, communication performances with non-peers required less time and fewer utterances than with peers. The more distracting home setting required more attention cues to maintain partner attention than the laboratory setting. (Author/JAC)

This study investigated the relationship between the achievement of tenth graders on the Hawaii State Test of Essential Competencies (HSTEC) and such variables as student socioeconomic status, family structure, ethnicity, previous educational experiences, types of schools attended, elementary grades, achievement test scores, and rate of…

The behavioral development of rural Guatemalan infants was assessed shortly after birth on a Neonatal Assessment Scale (NAS) and at 6-, 15-, and 24-months-of-age on a Composite Infant Scale (CIS). Summary variables based on NAS performance poorly predicted later assessed performance even as recently as six months after birth. The CIS modestly…

In five experiments, adults verified sentences by reading complex information in several technical passages. Both segmenting and indenting influenced performance; however, once a text had been meaningfully segmented, the addition of indentation cues did not affect response time. Implications for typographic design--line length and margins--are…