An important and widely noticed trend among health professions and occupations in the 1970s has been the increasingly widespread use of credentialing mechanisms. These mechanisms are intended to ensure that health services are provided adequately and with at least a minimum degree of competence. This report is intended to enhance and broaden…

In a review of instruments measuring gender-related constructs, a number of shortcomings were found in existing scales. A new scale to measure sex-role attitudes was developed and tested by first proposing the construct of sex-role egalitarianism and then initiating the process of construct validation by developing a reliable measure of the…

Two studies investigated the reliability and validity of a self-report instrument designed to measure the political opinion construct. The instrument, the Measure of Political Opinion Leadership (MOPOL), was tested against six criteria: (1) overall internal reliability, (2) reliability across varied populations, (3) face validity, (4) discriminant…

The Program Analysis and Monitoring in Reading (PAM) package helps teachers and administrators anlayze, understand, and improve school reading programs by providing them with monitor reports and program reports. Both types of reports include results of student performance on tests of reading comprehension--the monitor report provides detailed…

Two studies were conducted to develop and refine instruments for measuring nonverbal immediacy, defined as approach behaviors increasing sensory stimulation and producing interpersonal closeness. In the first study, three instruments were developed concurrently and were tested to establish their reliability and preliminary validity. These…

To examine the influence of test wiseness and motivation on Title I students' performance in group standardized tests, the effects of training students and teachers in testing skills and reinforcing student testing behavior were investigated during the administration of the Stanford Achievement Test, Level II, to 597 students. Students were…

This report describes scales and supporting empirical documentation associated with the Vocational Interest-Career Examination (VOICE). The instrument provides a reliable quantitative basis for describing the vocational interests of people who may have little or no experience on the job and for relating this information to the appropriate choice…

This study examined the appropriateness of the use of criterion referenced tests as a means of controlling an individual student's advancement to the next level of instruction or retention in the current unit in the PLATO Air Force Base Computer-Based Education project at Chanute. The study was also concerned with program evaluation, which…

The Tredyffrin/Easttown Sex Fairness Survey was designed to assess sex fairness in attitudes toward both sexes in work, home, educational, social, and other contexts. Each subscale contains positively and negatively worded Likert-type items of three types: trait to group; role to group; and judgment of individuals based on group. A preliminary…

The author discusses the thesis that self-concept tests are not construct valid for blacks because they may be measuring group (rather than individual) self-concept. In several listed studies, black children failed to identify with their own group in doll selection tasks. Williams suggested that children's social learning emphasizes the concept…

This is the third of three volumes designed to cover the problems and issues of developing and managing a formal assessment program. They also offer guidelines and illustrations of several of the more special aspects of assessment programs, such as administering tests or documenting their results. This volume contains summaries of technical…

A project to evaluate Furth's Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks is described, particularly as that test might be useful in adapting instruction and curricula to the cognitive level of science students. This multiple-choice paper-pencil inventory has 72 items in five problem areas: conservation, images, relations, classification, and laws.…

Sixteen item statistics recommended for use in the development of criterion-referenced tests were evaluated. There were two major criteria: (1) practicability in terms of ease of computation and interpretation and (2) meaningfulness in the context of the development process. Most of the statistics were based on a comparison of performance changes…

Test score data for kindergarten and first grade children were subjected to several forms of multivariate analysis. First, all fall and spring kindergarten data were factor analyzed to reduce the test scores to the least number of dimensions possible. General ability factors corresponding to the expected test dimensions were obtained in all…

The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was developed to measure pervasive negative attitudes of a depressed person towards self, outside world, and future. The DAS follows Beck's construct of cognitive dysfunction. Two studies investigated the psychometric properties of the DAS and the relationship between cognition and affect in 300 normal…