This paper aligns with educators and historians who argue that certain aspects of expert historical thinking are excellent tools for democratic citizenship. The paper focuses on specifically contextualized understanding of the past, as opposed to presentist attitudes, which assume the past is just like the present. It presents a framework for…

We examine eight cases of argumentation in relation to a proportional reasoning task--the "Paint" task--in which the "constant sum" strategy was a significant factor. Our analysis of argument follows Toulmin's (1958) approach and in the discourse we trace factors which seem to facilitate changes in argument. We find that the arguments of "constant…

This paper describes some results of a collaborative effort between the University of Pittsburgh and the Air Force to develop advanced troubleshooting training for F-15 maintenance technicians. The focus is on the cognitive task methodology used in the development of three intelligent tutoring systems to inform their instructional content and…

While consistently related to positive teacher behaviors and student outcomes, teacher efficacy as a construct is currently the subject of debate. The present study examined a new model of teacher efficacy (Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, & Hoy, 1998) that proposes to more clearly define important variables and integrate two theoretical…

Bacon production was the area of study used in evaluating the use of Cue-Motor Association Theory in determining and predicting the number of cycles for an operator to reach standard rating. The "Elemental Learning" method was superior to the "Whole-job" method. Part 1 appeared in the November issue (CE 500 241) (AG)

The deficit in counting ability was examined through assessment of counting and tracking task performances of 18 adolescent educable mentally retarded (EMR) boys and through comparision of performances of 20 EMR boys and 20 younger normal boys. (Author/MC)

This study investigated the effects of repression-sensitization communication network change, task change, and situation change on leadership continuity. Twenty-four 5-man groups, homogeneously composed of either repressers or sensitizers, participated in a wheel network, a completely-connected network, and a leaderless group discussion (LGD)…

The task analysis presented in this article was developed for use in a project designed to create programed instruction units for Navy hospital corpsmen. The procedures followed are presented in detail in a process chart which could serve as a guide for others attempting to develop such instructional units. (Author)

Simple directions for developing skill in setting performance goals in trade and industrial education. (MU)

This paper discusses the Lens Model' approach to the analysis of subject performance in multiple-cue judgment tasks embedded in probabilistic environments. (Author/RK)