Research recurrently indicates that children who have difficulty with arithmetic often use systematic routines that yield wrong answers. Recent research has focused less on identifying the most common errors among groups of children and more on analyzing individual children's errors. This paper considers the source of systematic errors in…

The relation of knowledge for solving problems to understanding of general principles in a subject-matter domain is discussed. Theoretical representations, called "conceptual competence," are presented to represent principles that are believed to be understood implicitly by individuals. Implications for problem-solving procedures can be…

Nationwide attention should increasingly be focused on the failure of schools to ensure that all their students adequately learn the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Indepth legal and social science research with respect to remedies for this situation should be undertaken as a priority. (Author/DN)

In the fall of 1966, the School Mathematics Study Group embarked upon a four-year longitudinal study of mathematical learning in the primary grades, the Elementary Mathematics Project (ELMA). The primary purpose of the study was to assess children's progress in learning particular mathematical ideas during the beginning school years. This volume…

This is the Teacher's Commentary for Mathematics for the Elementary School, Book 1 (Part 2), Special Edition. The writers have relied on the existing SMSG kindergarten and first grade materials as a framework. This special edition is designed to meet the needs of disadvantaged children. Included in the Commentary are background information for the…

The purpose of this text is to help elementary school teachers achieve balance in the teaching of mathematics. Children must acquire (1) computational skills, (2) conceptual ideas, and (3) knowledge of applications of mathematics. The text provides reading materials for the teacher as well as problems and exercises to help fix the ideas in mind.…

This book is for boys and girls who know the numbers from one to thirty thoroughly, who can count to one thousand, who know something of the multiplication tables of two, three, four, five, six, ten, and twelve, and who understand the simplest facts about fractions. This book is both to be read and to be studied. It calls for oral recitation and…

Research performed pursuant to Contract No. 4368-10 with the National Institute of Health, Public Health Service.

These materials were developed in response to the Utah State Board of Education's new high school graduation requirements, particularly as they relate to the identification, teaching, and assessment of certain basic functional competencies. The document has been compiled as a guide and aid to mathematics teachers. Thirty competencies have been…

Structural characteristics of classroom activities and student and teacher engagement behaviors were investigated. Observer teams collected data on the structure of activities, student engagement behaviors, and teacher behaviors in arithmetic and reading lessons in six elementary classrooms in a middle class, suburban school district. The…

AN ARITHMETIC WORKSHOP AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI WAS HELD TO IMPROVE THE PRIMARY AND INTERMEDIATE ARITHMETIC PROGRAMS FOR THE ACADEMICALLY GIFTED CHILDREN OF THE CINCINNATI PUBLIC SCHOOLS. THE MATERIAL PRESENTED FOR USE IN THE PRIMARY GRADES CONTAINS CONCEPTS TO BE DEVELOPED, APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES TO REINFORCE THE LEARNING, AND PUZZLES AND…