One of six summaries of workshop sessions (See TM 000 130), designed to strengthen the evaluation of costly programs and their effects, this handbook presents an analysis of both random and nonrandom sampling errors by application of the Bayesian model. This model attempts to formalize the process and procedures of inference from data through…

Discusses, in the context of library evaluation, the major sources of untrustworthy information and describes what can be done to control them. The emphasis is on assessing the impact of changed operations. (JD)

Nonsense utterances were presented to subjects for immediate recall in order to test two hypotheses: (1) the more complex sounds should be more difficult to recall under memory-taxing conditions; (2) the erroneous recall of a less marked for a more marked sound should occur more frequently than the converse error. (CFM)

The author points out two errors in mathematics: the mistreatment of identities and the belief in randomness. He calls for the development of a core of people dedicated to the detection and correction of such errors found in mathematics and logic. (MN)

Response changes on multiple-choice items tend to improve test scores of elementary school children. (Author/MJB)

A typical school spelling task is analyzed in terms of an information processing model of spelling performance. (Author)

Describes two studies that investigated the editing strategies used by college basic writing students as they corrected sentence-level errors in controlled editing tasks. Indicates that, in both studies, students showed two clearly different editing strategies: a consulting strategy and an intuiting strategy. (JD)

Comparison of 30 learning disabled (LD) children, ages 7 to 13, and controls on a computerized test of attentional skills indicated LD subjects committed more omission errors and responded at a slower rate but did not differ from the controls on commission errors, suggesting inefficient allocation of processing resources rather than attentional…

Analyzes accuracy of Library of Congress cataloging for items with Cataloging in Publication records and items not in that program. Types and frequencies of errors are observed with a separate analysis of significant errors. Recommendations are made for copy cataloging based on the different types of errors found. (Author/EM)

Using Logo to work through a maze is described. Suggested programs to help students learn to debug programs are also included, along with the story of the original "computer bug." (MNS)

The paper stresses the importance of informal assessment of spelling, describing both quantitative and qualitative implications. Stages of word knowledge are reviewed and examples of student errors are cited to illustrate needed instruction. (CL)

Computation errors that may occur by expanded use of calculators are discussed. Potential errors with five exact arithmetic examples are described as they are translated into approximate processes. (MNS)

Examines errors in 21 science journals, focusing on error types, editorial policy and practice, causes, consequences, and future action. Because of the serious implications of these errors, the scientific community is cautioned not to ignore the problem. Several recommendations are given. (DH)

The concept of error, or mistake, is a sensitive and crucial issue in both second language learning and second language instruction. Error can play a constructive role in learning and, under some conditions, in teaching, and avoidance of error may be less productive than confrontation with it. (MSE)

Strategies young children used to correct errors in nesting seriated cups changed substantially with age, becoming increasingly more flexible and involving more extensive restructuring of the relationships among the cups. The same trend toward increasing flexibility of thought and action also appeared in procedures children used to combine the…