Researchers increasingly have access to two types of data: (i) large observational datasets where treatment (e.g., class size) is not randomized but several primary outcomes (e.g., graduation rates) and secondary outcomes (e.g., test scores) are observed and (ii) experimental data in which treatment is randomized but only secondary outcomes are…

The purpose of this paper is to study how pre-analysis affects drama-based art programme in South Korea to reach the drama educational goals. In the cognitive, psychodynamic (functional), and affective parts, the learner's analysis has been analysed through questionnaires, the learner's situation, and the lesson plan. Also, through the pre-meeting…

This study examined the portrayal of gender in math textbooks that were recently published and utilized in Ethiopian public elementary schools. The study used a modified version of Brugeilles and Cromer's (Eulalia and Rommel in Sex Cult 24:1167-1188, 2020) methodological guide to conduct a quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Textual…

State laws that mandate in-grade retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study investigates the impacts of Michigan's third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 third-grade cohorts. Using a regression…

Fine motor skills (FMS) have been intensely studied in developmental contexts, with little attention to their empirical structure and developmental changes. We tested the factor structure of FMS on 5- to 10 year old children in two cohorts from 2020 to 2023, beginning in kindergarten and grade 2 and followed up 1 year later (n = 240 and 310, 49.7%…

Understanding the nature of scientific inquiry is considered a critical component of scientific literacy [Michaels, S., Shouse, A. W., & Schweingruber, H. A. (2008). "Ready, set, science!: Putting research to work in K-8 classrooms." National Academies Press]. What do elementary students already know about scientific inquiry? Using…

Universal screening in reading is a common, and often required, practice in early elementary school. Computer-adaptive screening tools, such as "Istation's Indicators of Progress-Early Reading" (ISIP-ER), are often chosen for this purpose in schools. In our present study, we examine the validity evidence between the ISIP-ER in…

Purpose: This study contributes to the science of teaching reading and vocabulary by illustrating how a ubiquitous classroom practice -- read alouds -- can be enhanced by structured supplements. This experimental study examines whether and to what extent providing structured supplements can improve student comprehension outcomes by helping…

Solving word problems is challenging for many children, but particularly for those with language difficulties. The objective was to examine the nature of the challenges experienced by children with language difficulties as they solved word problems in the context of a developmental-trajectory instructional sequence. We recruited 45 third graders…

Introduction: The research analyses four science primary school textbooks designed for the 3rd grade. Methods: The textbooks were analysed using various methods and procedures. It was determined which of the examined textbooks is the most educationally effective, meaning it not only provides information from the respective field and focuses on…

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mind and intelligence games on critical thinking tendencies and decision-making skills of third grade primary school students. In this study, pretest-posttest control group model, one of the quasi-experimental designs within the scope of quantitative research methods, was used. The research was…

Background: This study analyzes the use of a text-related question strategy aimed at improving the reading comprehension and reading awareness abilities of a metacognitively trained group of students with reading comprehension difficulties. In an initial Grade 3 primary school students' assessment in the same classroom, some students were…

This quantitative study aimed to research factors that influence third-graders' reading performance on the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness, a standardized test used to measure the proficiency of students in various subjects. The independent variables of this study were student attendance, teacher's professional background, and…

With math scores stagnating in the United States and achievement gaps widening between demographic groups, improving student outcomes is imperative. Previous studies have shown that using visual representations to teach math concepts has been shown to be an effective component of equitable elementary math teaching. This action research study…

Drawing from data generated during the 2016-2017 academic year, this study centred on U.S. children's design of two critical literacies compositions--a letter to Congress and a persuasive multimodal text. Situated within an integrated unit focused on (im)migrants, children asked legislators to act on the GOP Administration's proposed border wall…