Children's expectations regarding the roles played in society by different groups of people have been shown to significantly affect their comprehension of sentences. This paper reports on a study designed to examine the way children's expectations affect the strategies they employ in two tasks tapping the organization of the semantic system. Sixty…

This report is one of a regular series about the status and progress of studies on the nature of speech, instrumentation for its investigation, and practical applications. The 17 papers discuss the identification of sine-wave analogues of speech sounds; prosodic information for vowel identity; progressive changes in articulatory patterns in verbal…

This paper reports the outcomes of a correlational study that examined the relationships between visual and auditory perceptual skills, on the one hand, and comprehension that is independent of decoding, on the other. Five sets of test scores--a visual perceptual test (Coloured Progressive Matrices), an auditory perceptual test (Auditory Motor…

This book brings together papers presented at a conference on early experience and visual information processing in perceptual and reading disorders sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences. The goal of the conference was to integrate basic knowledge of structure and mechanisms of eye and brain with their function and their behavioral roles…

The nine seminar papers present discussion and methodology related to surveying for community education. The introductory paper, Initiating Community Education-Who Does It and How, examines local, governmental, nongovernmental, and individual roles in supporting community education. Methodological Considerations in Community Surveys discusses…

This dissertation explored the extent and kind of sex-role stereotyping in popular, prestigious, and sex-role defining children's picture books printed between 1959 and 1972. The sample consisted of two categories of popular children's picture books, best-selling golden books and "New York Times" children's best-sellers, one category of Caldecott…

This research report presents the results of a study to determine the influence of significant others upon adolescent levels of aspiration. High school sophomores in a central Wisconsin community responded to an instrument testing ego, ego's perception of significant others' expectations, and occupational aspiration. The two hypotheses under study…

This exploratory study generated 14 hypotheses regarding behavior of administrative candidates, leading to the observation that during the process of candidacy a great deal of informal learning occurs that is not presently attended to by either formal preparation programs or by the processes and procedures through which educational administrators…

This study examines the literature and research for teaching young children how to sing. The review treats the following variables pertinent to early instruction in singing: task sequence, music stimulus, feedback mode, presentation mode, age at which training is begun, optimum number of repetitions, singing alone vs. singing with stimulus, and…

This book is meant to be practical. It attempts to clarify what one should keep in mind and to describe what courses of action are open when one confronts a particular situation. It is stated that teachers and principals encounter discipline problems not because they are deficient in skill or in virtue, but because they have inherited misleading…

This paper reports on a study concerned with rapid mental operations of the central processor as it performs tasks such as the comparison of rotated figures, mental arithmetic, sentence verification, and memory scanning. The central processor is the site of most of the symbol manipulation that takes place in the human information processing…

This study investigated the relationship between cognitive style and the use of play areas in the nursery school. The participants were 28 preschool children (13 girls and 15 boys) attending the Laboratory Nursery School at the University of California at Davis. Each child was observed for 12 one-hour sessions over a 10-week period. A time…

This paper presents the results of investigations into mature readers' focal point when viewing letters, words, and phrases. The focal points are accurately determined by using the after image created from a spot of light. The after image is then superimposed on the reading material. The results show that the focal point does not fall haphazardly…

This study investigated the effect of the sex of an oral interpreter and the sex of the dramatic character portrayed on audience evaluation of performer effectiveness and audience comprehension of the passage presented. Two interpreters, one male and one female, each performed six monologues, three of which were feminine and three of which were…

It might be desirable to have available for professors a book with the title "What Every Professor Should Know About American Higher Education." Some topics that could be included are the organization, function, and purpose of American colleges and universities. Other topics of importance needing examination are various teaching roles,…