As a means of achieving a unitary school system, a mandated busing policy was implemented by the Norfolk, Virginia, public school system in 1986. This study examined the extent to which individual characteristics, school characteristics, and busing affected the student achievement gap between the busing and postbusing years. Methodology involved…

Information sources used by parents of majority and minority students in making decisions about school choice, with a focus on busing, are examined in this report. A mailed survey of parents of approximately 8,431 students in the San Jose Unified School District (California) yielded 934 responses, of which minority households comprised 60 percent…

This analysis compares student test scores before and after school busing in New Castle County, Delaware, in an attempt to see if busing to achieve racial balance reduces the achievement gap between black and white students. School authorities pre-tested students with the California Achievement Test (CAT) in 1978-79, the first year of busing, and…

Public education has been and continues to be subject to a variety of conflicts, among them busing for racial balance and the search for an equitable process of financing education. This paper reviews some of the literature and documentation of educational conflicts. Two broad but not mutually exclusive categories of conflict are defined: (1)…

The relationship between school desegregation and housing desegregation is the subject of this study, which used official census and school district data from the 25 central cities with black populations over 100,000 in 1980. Both school and housing desegregation were measured with the index of dissimilarity. Results show a clear correlation…

This chapter examines antibusing legislation designed to reduce or eliminate busing as a desegregation tool. After a brief background discussion of how the Brown decision came about, the legislative, judicial, and executive effects on school desegregation are reviewed. This is followed by a brief analysis of antibusing legislation. Contrary to…

Presented here are the remarks of William Bradford Reynolds, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division at the Education Commission of the States National Project on Desegregation Strategies' Workshop. Reynolds states that mandatory busing and other remedial techniques to achieve racial balance in schools (measures tentatively sanctioned by…

Based on a nationwide survey of urban school administrators, personal experiences of the author, and a review of relevant desegregation literature, this paper explores the role of administrators in the achievement of the objectives of busing for school desegregation. Findings cited from the survey include: (1) peak periods of conflict occur in the…

The Section 8 housing assistance program in Jefferson County, Kentucky, is a Federally funded program designed to expand the housing choices of low to moderate income families. This report provides an analysis of all moves made in Jefferson County between 1975 and 1979 by participants in the program, as they relate to the county's school…

When the Norfolk, VA, school board voted to end mandatory busing to achieve racial integration, questions on the following issues were raised: (1) civil rights; (2) the property-based school tax system; and (3) impact on educational quality. (LHW)

Describes how a Parent Council and school system administrators collaborated to develop a citywide magnet school desegregation plan, which increased parents' choices and introduced competition among public schools for the patronage of parents and students and for achievement of academic excellence. (RDN)

Examines several obstacles to the effective use of social science research in school desegregation controversies and discusses the needs of judges, administrators, and elected officials who must make decisions concerning desegregation plans. Available from Duke University Press, Box 6697 College Station, Durham, NC 27708. (Author/IRT)

Historical overview considers the role of transportation in education before 1954, when school busing was used to improve education by consolidating rural schools and centralize effort in urban schools, and after the 1954 Supreme Court decision that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal. Different attitudes toward forced busing are…

Analyzes the effects of income inequality and community wealth on the desegregation experiences of 69 Black and Puerto Rican students participating in a busing program in five suburban Connecticut high schools. Finds that minority group students were more likely to feel welcome in the less affluent communities. (FMW)

On June 29, 1993, a Senate Task Force on School Violence hearing was held at the California State capitol. The hearing examined the issues of violence on school campuses. Victims of campus crime, relatives of murdered students, administrators, law enforcers involved in campus safety, and students who themselves committed crimes in school spoke at…