This book on inquiry in elementary classrooms has four major parts. Part I, Social Study, explores the intellectual space within which social study can take place; what content is characteristically social content; and, what thought behavior is typical of study. Special attention is given to skills of inquiry relevant to studying social events and…

The authors argue against the current view of task analysis which assumes that learning is a univariant process. They feel that learning is a multivariant process and that task analysis should also take into consideration an analysis of the learning task, the cognitive processes which affect the acquisition of the learning task, and the learner's…

Two accomplishments have increased the feasibility of taking preparatory steps for the construction of machine intelligence systems which can acquire knowledge about facts or descriptions of facts through man-machine dialogue in the user's natural language. One is a better understanding of the relationship between perception, language, and…

This book presents a collection of essays intended for an integrated study of language by anthropologists, literary critics, philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and linguists. There is first a discussion of theories concerning the interrelationship of language, thought, and culture. This is followed by a discussion of the development of…

The inventory, consisting of 100 multiple-choice items, was developed to assess four areas of a student's knowledge of art and art education: art materials and processes; the history of art; art theory and criticism; and art education theories and practices. Administration takes thirty minutes, standard IBM answer sheets are used, and either hand…

This book, uniting the material from numerous lectures on communication theory, is designed to serve as the introduction to a series entitled "Studies in Communication," which will appear during the next few years. It is not intended for the expert in each of the many fields related to human communication, but, rather, it is designed for the…

Within the realm of psycholinguistics there is a need to investigate linguistic performance based on the generative transformational concept of linguistic competence, i.e., based on the speaker-listener's knowledge of his language. Psycholinguistics must determine how underlying knowledge is related to overt performance. The nominalization and…

The views of each of 13 educational theorists on his special field of interest in education, presented in a series of seminars, are stated by the author of this resource book, classified according to LaGrone's categories for improving preservice teacher education. Under "The Analytical Study of Teaching" are the views of (1) B.O. Smith…

Kindergarten, second-grade, fifth-grade, and college subjects were tested in a serial-position recall task under each of four conditions: Visual stimuli/visual recall cue, visual stimuli/auditory recall cue, auditory stimuli/visual recall cue, auditory stimuli/auditory recall cue. Visual stimuli were pictures of common animals and objects;…

This article describes a project-oriented approach to teaching language awareness at the college freshman level. It is emphasized that it is important for students to realize that language is dynamic and that it changes because people change. The study of slang can make the student aware of the changeableness of a living language. Students were…

This book is a collection of papers presented at the symposium, "Conference on Ordinal Scales of Cognitive Development, sponsored by the California Test Bureau. Papers include: "The Theory of Stages in Cognitive Development" (J. Piaget); "Two Approaches to Intelligence: Piagetian and Psychometric" (D. Elkind); "An…

The processes by which the young child recognizes and regenerates some invariant and organizational properties of language are discussed. In these processes the child conjoins and contrasts recurrent segments--perhaps a recurrent word--of the messages presented to him. After repeated exposure to messages containing a common segment, the child…

This study was designed to investigate the role of culture and education in the development of formal operational thought, by comparing the results achieved by suburban American youths, American educated youths who were recent migrants, and youths who had been educated in Puerto Rico. It was hypothesized that the suburban youths and Puerto Rican…

This study used a variation of the two-child communication situation in order to determine in what way, and how successfully, a small set of schoolrelated relational concepts would be communicated by inner-city elementary school black children. Included for comparative purposes was a test of comprehension of the standard version of the concepts.…

The effects of competitive treatments on performance, interest, and retention were examined with the use of a ten-day vocabulary task administered to 2,256 sixth graders. The four major objectives of this experiment were: (1) to examine educational competition within a learning, as opposed to a testing, situation; (2) to examine competition using…