Describes the comparison paradigm and the ethics paradigm relative to the inclusion debate. The paper shows how the debate is often due to arguments from individuals who hold different paradigmatic views, and argues that the first step in managing conflict is for individuals to articulate their paradigmatic underpinning. (SM)

This article analyzes national and state placement patterns for students with serious emotional disturbance between 1988 and 1991. Findings indicate that many states report substantial increases or decreases in percentage of children served in regular education classes, resource rooms, separate classes, or separate facilities. State demographic…

This qualitative study compared the instructional environments of a resource room and two regular classrooms for four intermediate grade students identified as severely learning disabled. Results suggested that regular classroom teachers need to provide students with LD with more explicit conceptual explanations of cognitive requirements of tasks…

Reviews provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and recent court decisions related to inclusion of children with disabilities in typical classrooms; considers various definitions of inclusion; outlines the positions of various proponents and opponents; identifies some problematic issues; proposes criteria for inclusion plans;…

This study compared the self-concepts of secondary students in either a segregated (institutional), congregated, or mainstream resource program setting. Results suggested academic advantages in attending resource programs and social advantages in segregated settings. Integrated deaf students had better self-perceptions of reading ability than…

Examined developmentally appropriate practices in learning centers in an integrated preschool classroom, noting how special education teachers made adaptations for their special needs children, and explored the role of parents. Found that special needs children developed their own voice in learning centers and self-regulatory behaviors through…

Relates personal experiences to the challenges of the inclusive classroom. Details recommendations for inclusive classrooms, including the following: value each child's uniqueness; individualize expectations and goals; adapt the classroom environment to support children's needs; tailor staff responsibilities to support children's needs; and…

Analyzed one-year gains of children with severe disabilities, children with mild/moderate disabilities, and typically-developing children, in segregated or integrated preschools. Found that segregated programs had smaller adult/child ratios and shorter operating hours than integrated programs. Children with severe disabilities in segregated…

A study examined one English local education authority's approach for developing greater links between a special school and mainstream schools, with the intention of enabling pupils with complex needs to be supported in mainstream classrooms. Results from interviews with 25 teachers indicate the need for effective classroom support. (Contains…

Explores attitudes of mainstream teachers toward the inclusion of children with special needs in the ordinary school. Reveals that teachers who have been implementing inclusive programs, having active experience with inclusion, possess more positive attitudes. Shows the importance of professional development in forming positive attitudes. (CMK)

Despite increasing policy commitment by government to the inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream services, significant numbers of disabled children continue to be placed in residential schools. This article reports on the policies and practice of education and social service authorities in England, patterns of…

Explores the concept of the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) in the 1997 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments and examines how its recently released federal regulations direct the statute's implementation. The goal is to clarify the direction of the new regulations, and to examine their prospects for supporting the provision…

Describes an experimental program that includes adjunct support designed to promote access to postsecondary education for more English-as-a-Second-Language students. (Author/VWL)

Discusses learner diversity in physical education, drawing parallels among attempts to integrate children with disabilities, less skilled learners, and disinterested learners; examining ethical versus comparative inclusion paradigms (highlighting Paul and Wards' 1996 research); and suggesting how physical educators might better serve all students'…

This article discusses preliminary research results that indicate placement of children (n=216) with emotional/behavioral difficulties into a Nurture Group has a positive effect on a significant proportion of pupils. There is also evidence that the parents of children in Nurture Groups benefit from the positive progress made by their children.…