The goal of this unit is to assist students in understanding and practicing pro-social skills as alternatives to aggressive behavior. Intended for grades four to seven, the unit contains seven modules: (1) "Self-Appraisal"; (2) "Relaxation"; (3) "How to Listen"; (4) "Communicating Your Wants to Others"; (5)…

A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that adults' differential definitions of social competence for boys and for girls may contribute to lack of agreement between teachers' and classmates' ratings of children's social competence. Subjects were 540 children in fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms in four public schools in the greater Boston…

This longitudinal study identified hard-to-manage older toddlers and younger preschoolers, assessed the developmental course and prognostic significance of their difficult behavior, and delineated family factors possibly associated with early and persistent problems. Obtained from parents, teachers, and observers, cross-situational and…

The authors, critical of psychoanalytic paradigms used in the analysis of the perpetrators of child abuse, formulate an alternative model based on theoretical and empirical insights from social learning theory. The discussion focuses on the environmental contingencies of the sociopsychological states of families. To test several hypotheses based…

The five research papers that comprise this document report on research into the impact of the inception of television reception on residents of a Canadian town, "Notel." The introductory section tells how Notel and two other similar Canadian towns that already had television reception were studied just before Notel received television…

Results of a study to determine the effect of observing parental violence on attitudes about women's roles and the use of violence against women are reported. A national random sample of 1,092 women and 910 men were interviewed by telephone. Participants responded to questions such as: Did your father ever hit your mother? Did your mother ever hit…

This paper reviews previous research and describes a study about the use of psychophysiological indicators (skin conductance response--SCR and heart rate--HR) to measure people's reactions to violence. The review of research describes attempts to gauge the association between people's attitudes, personality, and physiological responses when they…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Language Agression Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that measurable high language proficiency is associated with low observable aggression and low language proficiency is associated with high observable aggression. Consideration was also given to qualitative differences in aggressive behaviors…

The complete reports of the research efforts on the effects of televised violence on children sponsored by the American Broadcasting Company in the past five years are presented. Ten research projects on aggression and violence are described which examined primarily the effect of television on children who were emotionally disturbed, came from…

The objective of this research paper is to present evidence showing that sex differences in aggression are universal, but that within limits the differences are also highly susceptible to experiential modification. Aggression is defined as any behavior that intends to hurt a person or a thing, physically or verbally. Investigation was conducted…

The Neighborhood Youth Corps (NYC) strives to assist and guide high school students from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds to better realize their educational and vocational potential. A major object of this study was to learn more about factors relevant to the educational adjustment of NYC enrollees. All the enrollees who attended counseling…

This essay, an attempt to trace the roots of prejudice, addresses such questions as: What is prejudice? Is it a unitary construct? Are the terms 'prejudice', 'segregation', 'discrimination' synonomous? Is prejudice innate or acquired? Is there a 'prejudiced personality-type', or is anyone capable of becoming prejudiced? Are prejudiced people more,…

Subgroups based on differences in Verbal IQ/Performance IQ patterns of 65 learning disabled boys (grades 3-6) were examined through peer nominations of popularity, rejection, behavior problems, and teacher ratings. Those whose Verbal and Performance IQ scales were approximately equal were most often rejected by peers and were perceived as more…

The follow-up study evaluated 37 girls and 12 boys (aged 5-19 years) who had been sexually abused an average of 2.6 years previously. Results found that, compared to control children, abused children had less confidence, fewer friends, more aggression, increased sexual awareness, and more behavior and academic problems. (Author/JDD)

Considers recent efforts within the field of psychology to understand issues involving gender. Demonstrates patterns of development within feminist psychology and its relation to mainstream psychology. Examines status of the field, two case studies, and new research. (Author/SA)