The paper is intended to provide resource information and an annotated bibliography on psychological theories and counseling techniques specifically written for outdoor educators, to stimulate research on the subject, and to stimulate outdoor leaders to make themselves aware of various options for solving interpersonal problems that might occur in…

Project MAFEX (Meta-Analysis of Field Experience) used standard meta-analysis techniques to synthesize the available body of research concerning preservice field experience programs. Several important questions were considered: (1) What types of field experience programs are most and least effective? (2) Are there common characteristics of field…

School administrators in the 1980's must learn to provide stronger instructional leadership to improve student achievement and restore public confidence in education. School improvement will occur, however, only as a result of changes in attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Only when teachers have worked out their own concerns regarding a given…

Teachers are exposed to many varieties of inservice education throughout their careers. It is critical to evaluate the success of such programs. One criterion of success must be the degree to which teachers effectively implement what they have learned. This study examined the effects of an inservice education program emphasizing problem solving on…

This volume describes the Sibling Support Program at the Program for Autistic and Other Exceptional Children sponsored by Minneapolis Children's Medical Center, and includes the sibling curriculum used by the program. The curriculum was designed for children aged 4-14 who have siblings with autism or other moderate to severe disorders of…

This learning module is one of a series that teaches the competencies of "Job Search Skills," part of the "Work Skills" package--a set of competency-based instructional materials written for low-level readers that prepares students with specific job search and job keeping skills. ("Work Skills" is part of the "Connections" package, which…

Noting that when a deaf child is born to hearing parents, problems arise due to the language barrier, this paper discusses the kinds of disruptions hearing parents experience with the birth of a deaf child, the implications such an impairment has on development and language acquisition, and the adjustments made for such a child. Following an…

This comparative evaluation of the differing educational systems in North America, Europe, the USSR, and Japan examines the goals and values of these systems. It is pointed out that Americans value equality, practicality, and utility and that they are both individualistic and suspicious of government authority. Contrasts between these values and…

Four general problems (two substantive, two methodological) were addressed in a research project: (1) Does the nature of the pupil or the setting make a difference in the teaching style which is most effective? (2) Does the cognitive level of the learning objective make a difference? (3) How can relationships within the classroom be analyzed? and…

Findings from 10 projects, sponsored by the National Institute of Education, which focused on teaching as a linguistic process, are examined in this paper, along with findings from related studies. The projects constitute first-generation indepth studies of selected classrooms and are discussed in relation to two aspects of the linguistics of…

The view of education as a liberating, enlightening, individuating process and educational approaches to support this goal are examined. According to Ivan Illich (1970), the social relations within the educational encounter have corresponded closely to the social relations of dominance, subordination, and motivation in the economic sphere. He…

A study was based on retrospective descriptions obtained from interviews with a large number of teachers who have taught for over 20 years. Three areas of change in students were consistently noted in the descriptions: children today know more, are freer, and grow up more rapidly. More autonomous, and armed with greater knowledge, children emerge…

There are a number of issues involved in the validation of measures of teacher effectiveness, that is, a teacher's ability to promote student learning. Teachers' characeristics may be assessed at five different points: (1) pre-existing teacher characteristics--knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are necessary for success in the teacher…

This study examined the work-related stress experienced by principals and teachers in public schools. The researchers worked under the assumption that some of the stress related to a job situation comes from the environment. Condensed versions of two questionnaires developed by Williams (measuring stress experienced by teachers) and Jankovich…

In addition to summarizing the last decade's findings on the effects of maternal employment on children, this paper integrates these data with results from earlier studies. Findings are summarized according to the age of the child (i.e., infants, preschoolers, elementary school children, and adolescents). Findings related to infants and…