This study aimed to explore the predictive value of self-regulation, critical thinking, and creative thinking on the writing performance of Iraqi EFL learners on TOEFL iBT, including both integrated and independent writing tasks. To this end, 300 advanced male and female Iraqi EFL learners took the Cornell Critical-Thinking Test-Level X, the…

Listening journals provide a personal space for learners to document and share their inside thoughts about what they think, do, and feel regarding their learning. This study analyzes the journal entries of 19 second- to fourth-year business university learners. Over five weeks, they completed five listening journals on topics of their choice as…

Domain-general Grit has been criticised as being indistinguishable from Conscientiousness and as a weaker predictor than Cognitive Ability. Given the recent rise of L2 Grit literature -- a domain-specific form of Grit in language learning -- we examine whether these criticisms of general Grit are also applicable to L2 Grit. Domain-general Grit, L2…

This is a quantitative study on language and racial attitudes among learners of French in the English-dominant context of British Columbia (Canada). Such attitudes matter because they can have an impact on students' learning outcomes in and outside the classroom and they reflect linguistic and racial ideologies that exist in society. A verbal…

Drawing on the Language Mindset Meaning System (LMMS) framework, the study investigated how language mindsets (growth vs. fixed) influence the adoption of the four achievement goals, and how they subsequently shape second/foreign language (L2) learners' emotions (i.e. enjoyment and anxiety) in the process of learning English as a foreign language…

This edited collection focuses on general principles and practices of professional learning and development in both pre-service and in-service teacher contexts for language education around the world. The field of teaching is a constantly evolving profession, and one of the most important aspects of teaching is learning. Research shows that the…

This study investigates how task complexity shapes motivation and performance in second language (L2) pragmatics, a domain that remains underexplored within task-based learning research. To address this gap, 37 secondary school learners of English completed both simple and complex decision-making tasks at three intervals over an eight-week period.…

Within higher education, there is campus-wide discourse increasingly calling for preparing graduates for a globalized world, internationalizing the curriculum, and building international partnerships. Yet, some of the departments -- notably language programs -- are absent in the discussion regarding solutions and allocated funds (Tardy, 2015;…

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a high-stakes exam where Writing Task 2 significantly influences the overall scores, requiring reliable evaluation. While trained human raters perform this task, concerns about subjectivity and inconsistency have led to growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI)-based assessment…

This study investigates ChatGPT's efficacy in fostering autonomous ESP writing development across different proficiency levels, while systematically evaluating its strengths and limitations in enhancing specific writing competencies. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed with a purposively sampled cohort of 176 Saudi university…

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has impacted diverse sectors, including language education, highlighting the critical importance of user acceptance and key factors that facilitate AI adoption. This study employs a quantitative approach to investigate the factors influencing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' willingness…

The notion of utilizing assessment to facilitate learning has garnered significant momentum in language education. Nevertheless, a substantial portion of the pertinent theoretical and research literature tends to concentrate on the dynamics of the teaching-learning interface, often neglecting the critical role of effective teacher and peer…

Since 2020, the effects of the pandemic and advancements in instructional technologies have played a significant and transformative role in the educational system. The integration of student-centered activities has been emphasized by new technology, which continuously enhances educational processes. Additionally, the use of instructional design…

This study examines how structured yet flexible activities can cultivate pupils' oral creativity in a primary English as a foreign language classroom. A six-week action research intervention with sixteen Year-4 learners (ages 10-11) combined group-dynamics work with creativity-focused speaking tasks. Data from questionnaires, focus-group…

Emotions play a crucial role in second and foreign language learning as extensive research in second language acquisition (SLA) has documented the influence of both positive and negative emotions on second and foreign language (L2) learners' motivation, performance, and L2 attainment. Although language anxiety and enjoyment have garnered…