A sentence "pragmatically implies" another sentence when information in the first sentence leads the hearer to expect something that is neither explicitly stated nor necessarily implied by the original sentence. Thus, the sentence "The safe-cracker put the match to the fuse" pragmatically implies that "the safe-cracker lit…

This paper explores the interview model of task analysis and attempts to identify the interpersonal variables that affect its efficacy. In addition, it explores why the process of task analysis is important and describes the communication processes that facilitate or inhibit effective process and desired outcome during task analysis. (FL)

Listed here are more than 200 published and unpublished articles, books, papers, reviews, and other documents by John B. Carroll, covering the period 1938 - 1968. Among the many topics represented here are titles in the fields of educational psychology, programmed instruction, psycholinguistics (especially as applied to second language learning),…

This paper examines the problems in definition of punishment at the construct level, comparing the common use meaning of the term with a behavioral definition and contrasting two definitions used within the field of psychology. The paper discusses whether punishing stimuli must be physically painful, the appropriate use of painful stimuli, and…

The study was an investigation into the relevance of motivational factors operating in various Air Force training programs, especially Air Training Command's Undergraduate Pilot Training Program. The research project, as a whole, was directed toward understanding motivational factors as they distinguish those who drop out of training from those…

This volume is the second of Erikson's experiments with a form which he calls "psycho-history," in which he searches the accounts of a prominent individual's life for certain events during a particular stage in the life cycle. The events sought are those which clarify the identity crisis or crises through which the individual came to…

This paper outlines problems which are central to the psychological foundations of mathematics. Discussed are the relations that exist between psychological and classical foundations of mathematics. It is shown how the inadequacies of current learning theories which account for complex mathematics learning may be made explicit for appropriate…

Assuming that all problem solving has both its rational and poetic aspects and that the solution to a problem is often found in the poetic well before it surfaces in the rational, this study examined in detail the ebb and flow of figurative language as it occurred in the course of a single, highly successful hour of gestalt therapy involving both…

A series of research reports on three aspects of womens sports: the psychosocial, the physiological, and teaching and coaching are presented. Section 1 (psychosocial) mentions such aspects as societal attitudes toward women in sports, sex differences and research, and women and competition. Section 2 (physiological) considers such aspects as work…

Communicative anxiety, its corresponding avoidance behavior, and the relationship of the two to communication performance in the small group are investigated. Various definitions of anxiety are discussed. Objectives of the study are to increase knowledge in the area of anxiety reduction, avoidance behavior and communication performance by (1)…

A 2x2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 2 interventions designed to reduce face-saving in a situation which normally produces such behavior. Face-saving, defined as sacrificing tangible (monetary) rewards to avoid public embarrassment, was measured by the length of time subjects publicly performed an embarrassing task.…

If the contextual similarity between learning and recall within a single trial in a short-term memory (STM) paradigm is varied, recall varies proportionately. This context effect was demonstrated using variations of the Peterson-Peterson (1959) paradigm for both aurally and visually presented material, verbal and arithmetic context, and within and…

Psychological experiments investigating imposed and induced cognitive strategies are reviewed and related to operations in reading comprehension. It has been suggested that comprehension differences between good and poor readers may arise from the way in which they habitually organize intra- and inter-sentence elements during input.…

The present study examines the reactions to injustice between individuals as a function of the race and sex of the subject. Two contrasting hypotheses derived from research on altruism and personality differences indicate that white females/black males and white males/black females differ in their response to inequity. The study supports the…

The present survey sought to define drug abuse, its causes, recommended treatments, treatment settings, prognosis, and personal commitment to treating drug abusers. The use of prison and courts was contrasted with hospitals, and willingness to treat drug abusers was contrasted with alcoholics. (Author)