The article highlights the growing significance of flexible assessment in higher education as institutions adapt to the increasingly diverse needs of their student populations. The demand for customizable educational experiences, heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic, has made flexibility in assessment essential for sustaining and improving student…

This study aimed to introduce an ego-resiliency questionnaire for preadolescents (the ER-P) by restructuring the ER89 using the data of 1398 preadolescents from the Panel Study on Korean Children. The ER-P was proposed as a 10-item second-order instrument with two factors (Optimal Regulation and Openness to Life Experiences). The ER-P achieved…

This article outlines the development of a 16-item instrument for measuring language learner's foreign language self-efficacy (SE) concerning their speaking and listening skills through repeated administrations to groups of Japanese tertiary students. Responses were analysed through the Rasch model, which allows researchers to investigate…

This article provides a detailed review of the Computer-based English Listening Speaking Test (CELST) used in Guangdong, China, as part of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) to assess students' English proficiency. The CELST measures listening and speaking skills as outlined in the "English Curriculum for Senior Middle…

Because of their open enrollment policies, community colleges serve large numbers of students whose K-12 education has left them unready to succeed in college-level courses. Colleges typically use test scores such as the ACT to place students into appropriate course levels. However, the use of test-based measures alone has been criticized as being…

Motivation has been studied in many contexts and is acknowledged as one of the most significant aspects of language instruction. To increase student motivation and engagement, instructional materials, methods, and techniques are crucial to the language learning and teaching process. The current study examined how the creation of digital…

Individuals equipped with critical thinking skills are capable of evaluating the consequences of their actions in digital environments and ensuring their personal safety while actively using technology. This study aims to examine the impact of critical thinking practices on reducing the digital footprints of prospective teachers. The research was…

In the modern era, students increasingly access digital tools like adaptive learning platforms to enhance self-regulated learning (SRL). This study developed and validated a Self-Regulated Learning Integrated Questionnaire (SRLIQ) tailored for offline and online learning environments, particularly in AI-driven platforms like the Taiwan Adaptive…

The relationship between students' home resources and academic performance has long been of interest to researchers, policymakers, and educators. Access to home resources for learning has been shown to have a strong, positive relationship with reading achievement in many assessments, and for many cycles of PIRLS. PIRLS 2021 expanded upon these…

We identify systematic differences in ninth-grade teachers' effects on students' course grades in their class (ninth-grade grade value-add), their persistent effects on students' grades in the same subject of the next grade (tenth-grade grade value-add, representing effectiveness at academic preparation), and mismatch between the grades they give…

This study presents a novel approach to improving quality assurance in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). It utilizes a combination of neural networks and regression analysis to validate country-level achievement scores. Concerns over the integrity of TIMSS test scores necessitate robust quality control methods. The…

We examined whether cognitive profiles or diagnostic outcomes are better predictors of literacy performance for children being considered for an ADHD diagnosis. Fifty-five drug naïve children (M[subscript age] = 103.13 months, SD = 18.65; 29.09% girls) were recruited from an ADHD clinical referral waiting list. Children underwent assessment of IQ,…

Due to the complex construct of school refusal and the need for awareness of its impact on youth, Kearney and Silverman (1990) proposed four functional reasons for the persistence of school refusal behaviour. Various studies have explored different profiles of school refusal based on Kearney and Silverman's (1990) framework, yet no prior research…

Section 13 of Senate Bill No. 183 (SB 183) was enacted in 1989 by the Oklahoma Legislature to establish a program designed to evaluate the performance of individual schools and school districts in the state of Oklahoma. This program not only requires multiple types of evaluation by the Oklahoma State Department of Education (SDE), but also…

The debate surrounding skills that young people will need in the future to master current national and global challenges is subject to a continuous, controversial process. A consensus has resulted in what are known as twenty-first-century skills. These skills aim to enable learners to form well-founded opinions and be educated to become…