This research attempts to place into an historical and philosophical perspective the major positions taken by psychologists prescribing how ethical questions "should" be answered and reports two experimental investigations of some of the situational and individual-difference factors that influence how individuals "do" make ethical judgments.…

These experiments attempts to confirm the selective encoding processes thought to underlie orienting tasks and to shed some light on the empirical discrepancy as to whether semantic encoding inhibits or facilitates recognition performance in general, and the identification of distractor items in particular. (Author/RK)

The author offers twelve suggestions for making student psychological reports timely, meaningful, and useful. (MB)

Attempts to replicate Gogel's (1972) observations with points of light and examines in addition whether the same results would be obtained if the binocularly nearer object was made visually more massive than the farther object and if the residual oculomotor cues were varied to produce different values of the reference distance. (Author/RK)

The effect of time of awareness of a subsequent test of recall and the relationship of that awareness and rote rehearsal were studied by telling subjects which specific items to encode before the item's presentation (prior instructions) or after its rehearsal (postrehearsal instructions) and by varying rehearsal intervals for individual items.…

The purpose of this research was (a) to determine whether or not an emotional response, as measured by palmar skin conductance, does accompany a critical item, and (b) if it does, to investigate its relationship to the deficit in recognition memory. (Author/RK)

Learning material was presented to independent groups of subjects either after arousal from non-Rapid Eye Movement (non-REM) sleep, after arousal from REM sleep, or under conditions of no prior sleep. Measures of immediate and subsequent free recall were taken. (Editor)

Attempts to determine whether children at risk for schizophrenia manifest attentional impairments similar to those of adult schizophrenics. Surveys the performance of offspring of schizophrenic mothers relative to the performances of foster and community control samples on a battery of eight attention-demanding tasks. (Author/RK)

Considers neuropsychological changes associated with alcohol abuse and touches on related neuropathological and neuroradiological research. Describes neuropsychological research on recently detoxified alcoholic men, long-term abstainers, and animals. Sources of neuropsychological variability including family history of alcoholism, developmental…

Commends cognitive studies for extending our understanding of alcohol use and abuse. The role of vicarious learning and efficacy and outcome expectations in the development, maintenance, and prevention of drinking, is stressed. Reinterpreted concepts of craving and loss of control as well as models of relapse and prevention treatment strategies,…

Reports and critiques the Rust workshop conducted in 1985 in Vienna, Austria. Provides an analysis of the challenges to the person-centered approach as applied to international tension reduction. Concludes with issues for further exploration and a declaration for an ongoing program in person-centered approaches in international relations. (BR)

Three studies investigated the understanding of maternal anger of 406 children aged 4 to 14 years. Children identified and explained the source of a story mother's anger. Age differences were found when stories involved more than one dimension or required displacement. (SKC)

Investigated the influence of age and artistic inclination on the use of articulation and line quality in judging similarity and preference for simple human drawings. Children aged 4, 5, 10, and 13 years revealed articulation to be the primary criterion in similarity judgments. Preference patterns differed somewhat by age. (SKC)

Examines ways in which young children's decision making is affected by decision reversibility and decision importance. Results suggest that even young children are affected by manipulations of the decision situation, and that basic decision processes develop rapidly with age. (SKC)

Six experiments examined the problems third graders, sixth graders, and college students had in gaining access to episodic information while retrieving information from memory. Results suggested that conceptual access problems vary with grade and that elaboration of the representation of an episode facilitates access. (Author/SKC)