Background: Assessment of age-associated disorders has become increasingly important. Methods: In a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different…

Originality is scored based on standard zero-originality lists (ZOLs) in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The applicability of those ZOLs to diverse groups has not been examined. We examined the consistency of TTCT-Figural's sample-based (SB) ZOLs and the published ZOLs based on a sample of predominantly African American college…

This study presents a latent (item response theory--like) framework of a recently developed classical approach to test scoring, equating, and item analysis, referred to as "D"-scoring method. Specifically, (a) person and item parameters are estimated under an item response function model on the "D"-scale (from 0 to 1) using…

The practice assignments in a mathematics textbook or course can be arranged so that most of the problems relating to any particular concept are massed together in a single assignment, or these related problems can be distributed across many assignments -- a format known as spaced practice. Here we report the results of two classroom experiments…

Traditional letter and number grades are inaccurate and harmful to children, while research indicates that standards-based grading is both more accurate and better for all stakeholders. However, despite standards-based report cards (SBRCs) coming in many forms, the best number and arrangement of performance level descriptors (PLDs) remains…

Pennsylvania schools are under pressure to meet academic growth and achievement standards set forth by the Commonwealth. Due to these high-stakes, schools are always looking for ways to improve academics to not only meet the needs of students, but also the expectations put forth at the state level. The proposed research study examined if a…

This paper aims to assess the impact of using GCSE grades as a primary outcome in educational evaluations and trials, compared to using marks. The choice of grades or marks is relevant as many evaluations use GCSE performance as an outcome measure. For such evaluations, the National Pupil Database (NPD) is used as a source of data by the vast…

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to determine the extent of differences in student achievement scores on the ACT based on enrollment in preparation courses in large group settings, for students graduating from 2011 to 2020 at a private high school in the southwestern United States. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory…

Traditional education has a history of examples and experiences of the disconnectedness in the relationship between teacher preparation and standardized achievement scores. The present investigation underscores the intertwined conflict within teacher preparation and its relationship to standardized achievement in the context of special education.…

The purpose of this ex post facto research project was to examine the effect of career course length on student occupational engagement. To answer this question, Occupational Engagement Scale--Student (OES-S) scores for students enrolled in 16-week and 8-week long career courses were analyzed using t-tests and multiple regression. The study…

In this article, alternative randomized response models are proposed, which make use of sum of quantitative scores generated from two decks of cards being used in a survey. The proposed methods are compared to the Odumade and Singh and Singh and Grewal models through a simulation study. It is shown that the modified methods can be used more…

College students report stress and anxiety when taking science courses, such as anatomy & physiology. Mindful breathing is a technique that can be used in the classroom before taking exams. To determine the impact of mindful breathing exercises on the student experience, students were randomly assigned to either course sections that included…

The knowledge of "clinical molecular biology testing technology" is complex, conceptual expressions are abstract and difficult to understand, and the student's interest in learning is low. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cyclic teaching method based on case analysis combined with an exploratory teaching method using…

Background: Children's language abilities set the stage for their education, psychosocial development and life chances across the life course. Aims: To compare the efficacy of two preschool language interventions delivered with low dosages in early years settings (EYS): Building Early Sentences Therapy (BEST) and an Adapted Derbyshire Language…

Do Washington state's targeted, public preschool programs help socially vulnerable students succeed in elementary school? In this study, we explore this question by examining the state's Early Childhood Education and Assistance Program (ECEAP) and the Early Support for Infants and Toddlers (ESIT) program. Using statewide censuses of…